Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua
Characterization of promising cacao trees in Waslala, Nicaragua A hundred promising cacao trees from 29 farms members of Cacaonica Cooperative in Waslala, Nicaragua, were Characterized. Quantitative and qualitative descriptors for tree, pod and seed were used to document the management given to caca...
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CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica)
2015
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| Acceso en línea: | https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/5861 |
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RepoCATIE58612021-12-22T17:37:02Z Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua Ayestas, Eusebio Orozco, Luis Astorga, Carlos Munguía, Rodolfo Vega, Carolina THEOBROMA CACAO CACAO ORGANICO ARBOLES ELITE DIMENSION GERMOPLASMA APLICACION DE ABONOS COMPOST PROPIEDADES ORGANOLEPTICAS Characterization of promising cacao trees in Waslala, Nicaragua A hundred promising cacao trees from 29 farms members of Cacaonica Cooperative in Waslala, Nicaragua, were Characterized. Quantitative and qualitative descriptors for tree, pod and seed were used to document the management given to cacao farms, to assess tree morphological and productive information, and to preselect the best trees with potential for a second evaluation and further vegetative propagation. The mean cacao trees population was 625 trees ha1; weeding and pruning are done three times a year. Fungus diseases (monilia and black pod) are controlled by sick pod removal and application of a lime solution two or three months before the main harvest. Soil fertility is maintained or improved with organic manure (2.3 kg tree1 year1) and/or incorporation of green manure or harvest residues. Most of the trees (79%) were vigorous, and around 3.6 m mean height. Pod mean weight was 683 g with 39 seeds per pod. The predominant pod shape was heart-like (42%), predominant color was yellow (71%), and seed color was violet (76%). The mean seed and pod index were 1.4 and 20, respectively. Two groups of promising trees were determined, which differed by five morphological pod characteristics and four seeds characteristics. Finally, 28 promising trees with interesting characteristics were selected. A second evaluation and further asexual propagation tests should be performed in order to improve the genetic base of cacao crops in Waslala. Se caracterizaron 100 árboles promisorios de cacao en 29 cacaotales de productores socios de la cooperativa Cacaonica en Waslala, Nicaragua. Para ello, se aplicaron 32 descriptores cuantitativos y cualitativos de árbol, mazorca y semilla con el fin de documentar el manejo agronómico dado a los acaotales, disponer de información morfológica y productiva de cada árbol y preseleccionar los mejores árboles con potencial para una segunda evaluación y futura propagación vegetativa. La densidad media de los cacaotales fue de 625 plantas ha-1 y se desyerban y podan tres veces por año. Las enfermedades fungosas (monilia y mazorca negra) se combaten mediante la remoción de mazorcas enfermas y la aplicación de cal agrícola disuelta en agua dos o tres meses antes de la cosecha principal. La fertilidad del suelo se mantiene o mejora aplicando compost a razón de 2,3 kg árbol-1 año-1 y/o incorporando abonos verdes y residuos de cosecha. El 79% de los árboles presentaron una altura media de 3,6 m y mostraron apariencia vigorosa. El peso medio por fruto fue de 683 g, con 39 semillas por fruto. La forma y color predominantes de los frutos fue cundeamor (42%) y amarillo (71%), respectivamente. La mayoría de las semillas (76%) presentaron un cotiledón color violeta. Los índices de semilla y mazorca, en promedio, fueron de 1,4 y 20, respectivamente. Se conformaron dos grupos de “árboles promisorios”, los cuales difirieron morfológicamente en cinco características del fruto y cuatro características de la semilla. Finalmente, se seleccionó una población de 28 árboles promisorios con características interesantes; se sugiere realizar una segunda evaluación, en vista de una futura propagación vegetativa para enriquecer la genética de los cacaotales de Waslala. 2015-03-19T21:02:27Z 2015-03-19T21:02:27Z 2013 2013 Artículo 487791 1022-7482 https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/5861 es Agroforestería en las Américas, número 49 (2013) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ pdf application/pdf CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica) |
| institution |
Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza |
| collection |
Repositorio CATIE |
| language |
Español |
| topic |
THEOBROMA CACAO CACAO ORGANICO ARBOLES ELITE DIMENSION GERMOPLASMA APLICACION DE ABONOS COMPOST PROPIEDADES ORGANOLEPTICAS |
| spellingShingle |
THEOBROMA CACAO CACAO ORGANICO ARBOLES ELITE DIMENSION GERMOPLASMA APLICACION DE ABONOS COMPOST PROPIEDADES ORGANOLEPTICAS Ayestas, Eusebio Orozco, Luis Astorga, Carlos Munguía, Rodolfo Vega, Carolina Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| description |
Characterization of promising cacao trees in Waslala, Nicaragua A hundred promising cacao trees from 29 farms members of Cacaonica Cooperative in Waslala, Nicaragua, were Characterized. Quantitative and qualitative descriptors for tree, pod and seed were used to document the management given to cacao farms, to assess tree morphological and productive information, and to preselect the best trees with potential for a second evaluation and further vegetative propagation. The mean cacao trees population was 625 trees ha1; weeding and pruning are done three times a year. Fungus diseases (monilia and black pod) are controlled by sick pod removal and application of a lime solution two or three months before the main harvest. Soil fertility is maintained or improved with organic manure (2.3 kg tree1 year1) and/or incorporation of green manure or harvest residues. Most of the trees (79%) were vigorous, and around 3.6 m mean height. Pod mean weight was 683 g with 39 seeds per pod. The predominant pod shape was heart-like (42%), predominant color was yellow (71%), and seed color was violet (76%). The mean seed and pod index were 1.4 and 20, respectively. Two groups of promising trees were determined, which differed by five morphological pod characteristics and four seeds characteristics. Finally, 28 promising trees with interesting characteristics were selected. A second evaluation and further asexual propagation tests should be performed in order to improve the genetic base of cacao crops in Waslala. |
| format |
Artículo |
| author |
Ayestas, Eusebio Orozco, Luis Astorga, Carlos Munguía, Rodolfo Vega, Carolina |
| author_facet |
Ayestas, Eusebio Orozco, Luis Astorga, Carlos Munguía, Rodolfo Vega, Carolina |
| author_sort |
Ayestas, Eusebio |
| title |
Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| title_short |
Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| title_full |
Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| title_fullStr |
Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de Waslala, Nicaragua |
| title_sort |
caracterización de árboles promisorios de cacao en fincas orgánicas de waslala, nicaragua |
| publisher |
CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica) |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/5861 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ayestaseusebio caracterizaciondearbolespromisoriosdecacaoenfincasorganicasdewaslalanicaragua AT orozcoluis caracterizaciondearbolespromisoriosdecacaoenfincasorganicasdewaslalanicaragua AT astorgacarlos caracterizaciondearbolespromisoriosdecacaoenfincasorganicasdewaslalanicaragua AT munguiarodolfo caracterizaciondearbolespromisoriosdecacaoenfincasorganicasdewaslalanicaragua AT vegacarolina caracterizaciondearbolespromisoriosdecacaoenfincasorganicasdewaslalanicaragua |
| _version_ |
1808116416686063616 |