| Summary: | The article underscores the urgent need to integrate spatial data into climate and biodiversity action agendas to ensure effective, verifiable implementation of commitments, particularly by non-state and subnational actors. It argues that the absence of georeferenced information constrains the ability to assess real impacts, identify synergies, and avoid conflicts between environmental goals. Spatial data, the authors contend, enables multidimensional monitoring of outcomes, contextual comparison across regions, participatory processes that advance environmental justice, and interdisciplinary collaboration. As COP30 approaches, the authors call for the UN’s Global Climate Action and Biodiversity Action Agenda Portals to require spatially explicit reporting—even basic GPS coordinates—to enhance transparency, monitoring, and coordination. They highlight how advances in satellite technology and artificial intelligence create new opportunities for assessing integrated climate–biodiversity initiatives. However, they also caution that disparities in technical capacity and data accessibility persist, urging investment in capacity building, clear data-sharing guidelines, and ethical, inclusive governance of spatial information
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