Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama
Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms....
| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
CSIC
2024
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/12627 |
| id |
RepoCATIE12627 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
RepoCATIE126272024-03-01T00:13:18Z Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama Casanoves, Fernando Villalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A Villarreal-Núñez, José E Santo-Pineda, Adolfo Gutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel Merino, Agustín Carbono orgánico del suelo||soil organic carbon||undefined||carbone organique du sol Suelos contaminados||polluted soils||solo poluído||sol pollué Inceptisoles||inceptisols||Inceptissolos||Inceptisol pH del suelo||soil pH||pH do solo||pH du sol Aluminio||aluminium||Alumínio||aluminium Toxicidad del suelo||soil toxicity||toxicidade do solo||toxicité du sol Panamá||Panama||Panamá||Panama Cadmio||cadmium||Cádmio||cadmium Semilla de cacao||cocoa beans||semente de cacau||fève de cacao Sistemas agroforestales||agroforestry systems||sistemas agroflorestais||systèmes agroforestiers Pequeños agricultores||smallholders||pequenos agricultores||petit agriculteur Sede Central ODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius. 2024-02-28T19:11:45Z 2024-02-28T19:11:45Z 2024-01-30 Artículo https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/12627 openAccess en Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20405 11 páginas application/pdf CSIC |
| institution |
Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza |
| collection |
Repositorio CATIE |
| language |
Inglés |
| topic |
Carbono orgánico del suelo||soil organic carbon||undefined||carbone organique du sol Suelos contaminados||polluted soils||solo poluído||sol pollué Inceptisoles||inceptisols||Inceptissolos||Inceptisol pH del suelo||soil pH||pH do solo||pH du sol Aluminio||aluminium||Alumínio||aluminium Toxicidad del suelo||soil toxicity||toxicidade do solo||toxicité du sol Panamá||Panama||Panamá||Panama Cadmio||cadmium||Cádmio||cadmium Semilla de cacao||cocoa beans||semente de cacau||fève de cacao Sistemas agroforestales||agroforestry systems||sistemas agroflorestais||systèmes agroforestiers Pequeños agricultores||smallholders||pequenos agricultores||petit agriculteur Sede Central ODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables |
| spellingShingle |
Carbono orgánico del suelo||soil organic carbon||undefined||carbone organique du sol Suelos contaminados||polluted soils||solo poluído||sol pollué Inceptisoles||inceptisols||Inceptissolos||Inceptisol pH del suelo||soil pH||pH do solo||pH du sol Aluminio||aluminium||Alumínio||aluminium Toxicidad del suelo||soil toxicity||toxicidade do solo||toxicité du sol Panamá||Panama||Panamá||Panama Cadmio||cadmium||Cádmio||cadmium Semilla de cacao||cocoa beans||semente de cacau||fève de cacao Sistemas agroforestales||agroforestry systems||sistemas agroflorestais||systèmes agroforestiers Pequeños agricultores||smallholders||pequenos agricultores||petit agriculteur Sede Central ODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables Casanoves, Fernando Villalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A Villarreal-Núñez, José E Santo-Pineda, Adolfo Gutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel Merino, Agustín Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| description |
Aim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each
sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius. |
| format |
Artículo |
| author |
Casanoves, Fernando Villalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A Villarreal-Núñez, José E Santo-Pineda, Adolfo Gutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel Merino, Agustín |
| author_facet |
Casanoves, Fernando Villalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A Villarreal-Núñez, José E Santo-Pineda, Adolfo Gutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel Merino, Agustín |
| author_sort |
Casanoves, Fernando |
| title |
Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| title_short |
Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| title_full |
Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| title_fullStr |
Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama |
| title_sort |
cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in panama |
| publisher |
CSIC |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| url |
https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/12627 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT casanovesfernando cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama AT villalazperez1jhona cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama AT villarrealnunezjosee cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama AT santopinedaadolfo cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama AT gutierrezlezcanoabiel cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama AT merinoagustin cadmiumconcentrationincocoabeansproducedinagroforestrysystemsofsmallproducersinpanama |
| _version_ |
1808117409261813760 |