The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica
This study focused on the phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5, an F1 interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing commercial varieties with wild genotypes from Ethiopia and Sudan. Most phenological studies on C. arabica have been conducted in traditional high-altitude regions, leaving a g...
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI
2025
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/1988 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/41164 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111988 |
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RepoAGROSAVIA41164 |
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Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria |
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Repositorio AGROSAVIA |
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Inglés |
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Preparación del suelo - F07 Café Agroforestería Aplicación de abono Fenología Permanentes http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1731 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5774 |
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Preparación del suelo - F07 Café Agroforestería Aplicación de abono Fenología Permanentes http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1731 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5774 Morales Peña, Victor Hugo Mora Garcés, Argenis Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo Villatoro Sánchez, Mario Pazmiño Pachay, Willy William Chanto Ares, Esteban The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| description |
This study focused on the phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5, an F1 interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing commercial varieties with wild genotypes from Ethiopia and Sudan.
Most phenological studies on C. arabica have been conducted in traditional high-altitude regions,
leaving a gap in the understanding of its behavior in non-traditional areas such as the Caribbean
region of Costa Rica. To establish a baseline on the phenological behavior of the Esperanza L4A5
hybrid in this region, we conducted a four-year study examining the effects of different agroforestry
associations: (1) Albizia saman; (2) Hymenaea courbaril and Erythrina poeppigiana; (3) Anacardium exelsum and Erythrina poeppigiana; and coffee plots under full sun. Additionally, the phenology of
the coffee plants was evaluated under differentiated fertilizations (physical, chemical, and without
fertilization), considering meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The
observed variables included the development of floral nodes, pre-anthesis, anthesis, and fruiting
stages. To analyze the relationships between environmental factors, tree cover, fertilization, and the
phenological stages, we employed multiple linear regression (MLR), which revealed that both tree
cover and physical and chemical fertilizations had significant effects on the presence of developed
floral nodes and, consequently, on fruit production. Furthermore, the random forest (RF) model
was applied to capture complex interactions between variables and to rank the importance of meteorological factors, tree cover, and fertilization practices. These analyses demonstrated that the
Esperanza L4A5 hybrid exhibited viable phenological development under the atypical conditions of
the Caribbean region of Costa Rica, suggesting its potential to adapt and thrive in non-traditional
coffee-growing areas. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Morales Peña, Victor Hugo Mora Garcés, Argenis Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo Villatoro Sánchez, Mario Pazmiño Pachay, Willy William Chanto Ares, Esteban |
| author_facet |
Morales Peña, Victor Hugo Mora Garcés, Argenis Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo Villatoro Sánchez, Mario Pazmiño Pachay, Willy William Chanto Ares, Esteban |
| author_sort |
Morales Peña, Victor Hugo |
| title |
The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| title_short |
The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| title_full |
The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| title_fullStr |
The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica |
| title_sort |
phenology of coffea arabica var. esperanza l4a5 under different agroforestry associations and fertilization conditions in the caribbean region of costa rica |
| publisher |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/1988 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/41164 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111988 |
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RepoAGROSAVIA411642025-08-30T03:02:28Z The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica The Phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5 Under Different Agroforestry Associations and Fertilization Conditions in the Caribbean Region of Costa Rica Morales Peña, Victor Hugo Mora Garcés, Argenis Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo Villatoro Sánchez, Mario Pazmiño Pachay, Willy William Chanto Ares, Esteban Preparación del suelo - F07 Café Agroforestería Aplicación de abono Fenología Permanentes http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1731 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5774 This study focused on the phenology of Coffea arabica var. Esperanza L4A5, an F1 interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing commercial varieties with wild genotypes from Ethiopia and Sudan. Most phenological studies on C. arabica have been conducted in traditional high-altitude regions, leaving a gap in the understanding of its behavior in non-traditional areas such as the Caribbean region of Costa Rica. To establish a baseline on the phenological behavior of the Esperanza L4A5 hybrid in this region, we conducted a four-year study examining the effects of different agroforestry associations: (1) Albizia saman; (2) Hymenaea courbaril and Erythrina poeppigiana; (3) Anacardium exelsum and Erythrina poeppigiana; and coffee plots under full sun. Additionally, the phenology of the coffee plants was evaluated under differentiated fertilizations (physical, chemical, and without fertilization), considering meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The observed variables included the development of floral nodes, pre-anthesis, anthesis, and fruiting stages. To analyze the relationships between environmental factors, tree cover, fertilization, and the phenological stages, we employed multiple linear regression (MLR), which revealed that both tree cover and physical and chemical fertilizations had significant effects on the presence of developed floral nodes and, consequently, on fruit production. Furthermore, the random forest (RF) model was applied to capture complex interactions between variables and to rank the importance of meteorological factors, tree cover, and fertilization practices. These analyses demonstrated that the Esperanza L4A5 hybrid exhibited viable phenological development under the atypical conditions of the Caribbean region of Costa Rica, suggesting its potential to adapt and thrive in non-traditional coffee-growing areas. 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