The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal naturally occurring in the earth’s crust or due to anthropogenic activity. The presence of this metal in cacao farm soils represents a significant issue as levels are now regulated in products derived from cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.). Several strategi...

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Main Authors:	Bravo, Daniel, Benavides Erazo, Javier
Format:	article
Language:	Inglés
Published:	MDPI 2020
Subjects:	Preparación del suelo - F07 Cadmium Theobroma cacao Phosphorus Soil organic matter Cacao
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/36302 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124149

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spelling	RepoAGROSAVIA363022024-06-11T21:03:09Z The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils Bravo, Daniel Benavides Erazo, Javier Preparación del suelo - F07 Cadmium Theobroma cacao Phosphorus Soil organic matter Cacao Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal naturally occurring in the earth’s crust or due to anthropogenic activity. The presence of this metal in cacao farm soils represents a significant issue as levels are now regulated in products derived from cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.). Several strategies have been proposed to measure cadmium levels; however, little is known regarding in situ nondestructive and time efficient techniques to analyze Cd contents in both cacao topsoils and subsoils, particularly nearby the root system. Therefore, this research aims to integrate the physical property of soil resistivity to Cd content in cacao soils. Cd hot spots are estimated from resistivity measurements using a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) technique and correlated to Cd determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). To assess the dynamics of soil Cd content the correlation is discussed with other physical chemical parameters of soils (pH, organic matter, Ca, Fe, and P). The study was performed in 27 cacao farms in Colombia. A farm in Santander district proved to have the highest level of Cd using the correlated techniques (2.76 mg·kg−1 Cd and 1815 Ohm·m) followed by farms in Boyacá and Arauca districts (2.6 and 0.66 mg·kg−1 Cd, related to 1616 and 743 Ohm·m, respectively). A high correlation between 2D-ERT and Cd determination (R2 = 0.87) was found. The discussion regarding the soil parameters analyzed suggests that the 2D-ERT technique could be used as a preliminary approach to explore Cd distribution in cacao soils. Cacao-Theobroma cacao 2020-07-01T15:22:06Z 2020-07-01T15:22:06Z 2020 article Artículo científico http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 2076-3417 (e-issn) http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/36302 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124149 reponame:Biblioteca Digital Agropecuaria de Colombia repourl:https://repository.agrosavia.co instname:Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria AGROSAVIA eng Applied Sciences 10 12 1 17 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Acceso a texto completo info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess application/pdf application/pdf Santander Boyacá Arauca MDPI Basel (Switzerland) Applied Sciences; Vol. 10 Núm. 12 (2020): Applied Sciences; (may. 2020) p. 1-17
institution	Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria
collection	Repositorio AGROSAVIA
language	Inglés
topic	Preparación del suelo - F07 Cadmium Theobroma cacao Phosphorus Soil organic matter Cacao
spellingShingle	Preparación del suelo - F07 Cadmium Theobroma cacao Phosphorus Soil organic matter Cacao Bravo, Daniel Benavides Erazo, Javier The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
description	Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal naturally occurring in the earth’s crust or due to anthropogenic activity. The presence of this metal in cacao farm soils represents a significant issue as levels are now regulated in products derived from cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.). Several strategies have been proposed to measure cadmium levels; however, little is known regarding in situ nondestructive and time efficient techniques to analyze Cd contents in both cacao topsoils and subsoils, particularly nearby the root system. Therefore, this research aims to integrate the physical property of soil resistivity to Cd content in cacao soils. Cd hot spots are estimated from resistivity measurements using a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) technique and correlated to Cd determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). To assess the dynamics of soil Cd content the correlation is discussed with other physical chemical parameters of soils (pH, organic matter, Ca, Fe, and P). The study was performed in 27 cacao farms in Colombia. A farm in Santander district proved to have the highest level of Cd using the correlated techniques (2.76 mg·kg−1 Cd and 1815 Ohm·m) followed by farms in Boyacá and Arauca districts (2.6 and 0.66 mg·kg−1 Cd, related to 1616 and 743 Ohm·m, respectively). A high correlation between 2D-ERT and Cd determination (R2 = 0.87) was found. The discussion regarding the soil parameters analyzed suggests that the 2D-ERT technique could be used as a preliminary approach to explore Cd distribution in cacao soils.
format	article
author	Bravo, Daniel Benavides Erazo, Javier
author_facet	Bravo, Daniel Benavides Erazo, Javier
author_sort	Bravo, Daniel
title	The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
title_short	The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
title_full	The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
title_fullStr	The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
title_full_unstemmed	The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
title_sort	use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2d-ert) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2020
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/36302 https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124149
work_keys_str_mv	AT bravodaniel theuseofatwodimensionalelectricalresistivitytomography2dertasatechniqueforcadmiumdeterminationincacaocropsoils AT benavideserazojavier theuseofatwodimensionalelectricalresistivitytomography2dertasatechniqueforcadmiumdeterminationincacaocropsoils AT bravodaniel useofatwodimensionalelectricalresistivitytomography2dertasatechniqueforcadmiumdeterminationincacaocropsoils AT benavideserazojavier useofatwodimensionalelectricalresistivitytomography2dertasatechniqueforcadmiumdeterminationincacaocropsoils
_version_	1808105231119024128

The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils

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