Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes

The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the viru...

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Autores principales: Cambra, Mariano, Madariaga, Mónica, Varveri, Christina, Çaglayan, Kadrite, Morca, Ali Ferhan, Chirkov, Sergei, Glasa, Miroslav
Formato: article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Firenze University Press 2025
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Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9063
https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581
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author Cambra, Mariano
Madariaga, Mónica
Varveri, Christina
Çaglayan, Kadrite
Morca, Ali Ferhan
Chirkov, Sergei
Glasa, Miroslav
author_browse Cambra, Mariano
Chirkov, Sergei
Glasa, Miroslav
Madariaga, Mónica
Morca, Ali Ferhan
Varveri, Christina
Çaglayan, Kadrite
author_facet Cambra, Mariano
Madariaga, Mónica
Varveri, Christina
Çaglayan, Kadrite
Morca, Ali Ferhan
Chirkov, Sergei
Glasa, Miroslav
author_sort Cambra, Mariano
collection ReDivia
description The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the virus spreads locally through vegetative propagation of infected plant material, and naturally through aphid-vectors. Previously considered a European problem, sharka has now been reported in 54 Prunus-growing countries in all continents except Oceania, although the disease has been eradicated from the United States of America. The economic cost of the disease in the 28 years from 1995 to 2023 is estimated to be €2.4 × 109, equivalent to approx. 0.17% of the stone fruit industry’s value. This includes more than over €2 × 109 in direct fruit losses, €1.4 million from international rejection of symptomatic fruit, and over €100 million in eradication and disease limitation costs. Indirect costs include €137 million, mainly associated with ELISA analyses, and approx. €130 million in costs related to research and science networks. Cumulative global losses from the sharka pandemic since the decade 1910/20 probably surpass €13 × 109. These outlays exclude indirect trade costs, economic losses, genetic erosion of traditional cultivars, and the costs of developing new cultivars tolerant or resistant to plum pox virus. The decline in these costs compared to the previously evaluated €10 billion from the 1970s to 2006 is analyzed. Four case studies (for Spain, Turkey, Chile, and Greece) illustrate different sharka scenarios and management strategies.
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spelling ReDivia90632025-05-22T18:48:22Z Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes Cambra, Mariano Madariaga, Mónica Varveri, Christina Çaglayan, Kadrite Morca, Ali Ferhan Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav direct costs indirect costs ELISA tests subsidies RNQP H20 Plant diseases Plum pox virus Losses Disease eradication Quarantine The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the virus spreads locally through vegetative propagation of infected plant material, and naturally through aphid-vectors. Previously considered a European problem, sharka has now been reported in 54 Prunus-growing countries in all continents except Oceania, although the disease has been eradicated from the United States of America. The economic cost of the disease in the 28 years from 1995 to 2023 is estimated to be €2.4 × 109, equivalent to approx. 0.17% of the stone fruit industry’s value. This includes more than over €2 × 109 in direct fruit losses, €1.4 million from international rejection of symptomatic fruit, and over €100 million in eradication and disease limitation costs. Indirect costs include €137 million, mainly associated with ELISA analyses, and approx. €130 million in costs related to research and science networks. Cumulative global losses from the sharka pandemic since the decade 1910/20 probably surpass €13 × 109. These outlays exclude indirect trade costs, economic losses, genetic erosion of traditional cultivars, and the costs of developing new cultivars tolerant or resistant to plum pox virus. The decline in these costs compared to the previously evaluated €10 billion from the 1970s to 2006 is analyzed. Four case studies (for Spain, Turkey, Chile, and Greece) illustrate different sharka scenarios and management strategies. 2025-05-22T18:48:22Z 2025-05-22T18:48:22Z 2025 article publishedVersion Cambra, M., Madariaga, M., Varveri, C., Çağlayan, K., Morca, A.F., Chirkov, S., & Glasa, M. (2024). Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 63(3): 343-365. 593-2095 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9063 10.36253/phyto-15581 https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581 en Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ openAccess Firenze University Press electronico
spellingShingle direct costs
indirect costs
ELISA tests
subsidies
RNQP
H20 Plant diseases
Plum pox virus
Losses
Disease eradication
Quarantine
Cambra, Mariano
Madariaga, Mónica
Varveri, Christina
Çaglayan, Kadrite
Morca, Ali Ferhan
Chirkov, Sergei
Glasa, Miroslav
Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title_full Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title_fullStr Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title_full_unstemmed Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title_short Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
title_sort estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka the disease it causes
topic direct costs
indirect costs
ELISA tests
subsidies
RNQP
H20 Plant diseases
Plum pox virus
Losses
Disease eradication
Quarantine
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9063
https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581
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