Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes
The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the virus s...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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The international journal of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9062 https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581 |
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| author | Cambra, Mariano Madariaga, Mónica Varveri, Chistina Çaglayan, Kadriye Morca, Ali Ferhan Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav |
| author_browse | Cambra, Mariano Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav Madariaga, Mónica Morca, Ali Ferhan Varveri, Chistina Çaglayan, Kadriye |
| author_facet | Cambra, Mariano Madariaga, Mónica Varveri, Chistina Çaglayan, Kadriye Morca, Ali Ferhan Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav |
| author_sort | Cambra, Mariano |
| collection | ReDivia |
| description | The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the virus spreads locally through vegetative propagation of infected plant material, and naturally through aphid-vectors. Previously considered a European problem, sharka has now been reported in 54 Prunus-growing countries in all continents except Oceania, although the disease has been eradicated from the United States of America. The economic cost of the disease in the 28 years from 1995 to 2023 is estimated to be€ 2.4× 10 9, equivalent to approx. 0.17% of the stone fruit industry’s value. This includes more than over€ 2× 10 9 in direct fruit losses,€ 1.4 million from international rejection of symptomatic fruit, and over€ 100 million in eradication and disease limitation costs. Indirect costs include€ 137 million, mainly associated with ELISA analyses, and approx.€ 130 million in costs related to research and science networks. Cumulative global losses from the sharka pandemic since the decade 1910/20 probably surpass€ 13× 10 9. These outlays exclude indirect trade costs, economic losses, genetic erosion of traditional cultivars, and the costs of developing new cultivars tolerant or resistant to plum pox virus. The decline in these costs compared to the previously evaluated€ 10 billion from the 1970s to 2006 is analyzed. Four case studies (for Spain, Turkey, Chile, and Greece) illustrate different sharka scenarios and management strategies. |
| format | Artículo |
| id | ReDivia9062 |
| institution | Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | The international journal of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union |
| publisherStr | The international journal of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ReDivia90622025-05-22T18:38:07Z Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes Cambra, Mariano Madariaga, Mónica Varveri, Chistina Çaglayan, Kadriye Morca, Ali Ferhan Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav PPV direct costs indirect costs ELISA tests eradication RNQP H20 Plant diseases Losses Subsidies Quarantine The disease “sharka”, caused by Potyvirus plumpoxi (plum pox virus), is the most harmful viral disease affecting stone fruits. The virus spreads over long distances through illegal and insufficiently controlled exchange of infected propagative plant material. Once established in an area, the virus spreads locally through vegetative propagation of infected plant material, and naturally through aphid-vectors. Previously considered a European problem, sharka has now been reported in 54 Prunus-growing countries in all continents except Oceania, although the disease has been eradicated from the United States of America. The economic cost of the disease in the 28 years from 1995 to 2023 is estimated to be€ 2.4× 10 9, equivalent to approx. 0.17% of the stone fruit industry’s value. This includes more than over€ 2× 10 9 in direct fruit losses,€ 1.4 million from international rejection of symptomatic fruit, and over€ 100 million in eradication and disease limitation costs. Indirect costs include€ 137 million, mainly associated with ELISA analyses, and approx.€ 130 million in costs related to research and science networks. Cumulative global losses from the sharka pandemic since the decade 1910/20 probably surpass€ 13× 10 9. These outlays exclude indirect trade costs, economic losses, genetic erosion of traditional cultivars, and the costs of developing new cultivars tolerant or resistant to plum pox virus. The decline in these costs compared to the previously evaluated€ 10 billion from the 1970s to 2006 is analyzed. Four case studies (for Spain, Turkey, Chile, and Greece) illustrate different sharka scenarios and management strategies. 2025-05-22T18:38:06Z 2025-05-22T18:38:06Z 2024 article publishedVersion Cambra, M., Madariaga, M., Varveri, C., Çağlayan, K., Morca, A.F., Chirkov, S., & Glasa, M. (2024). Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 63(3): 343-365. 0031-9465 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9062 10.36253/phyto-15581 https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581 en The authors thank Dr. J.A. García (CNB-CSIC) for encouraging completion of, and reviewing, the manuscript of this paper. Dr M.M. López and Dr E. Carbonell (IVIA) also gave critical reviews and assistance. Dr. J. Murillo and Dr. R. Falloon provided editorial amendments, and the anonymous referees offered careful editing of the manuscript and valuable suggestions. Additionally, gratitude is extended to representatives of leading international PPV diagnostic companies, who shared their sales data on ELISA-PPV kits, including: C. Walsh (Agdia), L. Formica (Agritest), M. Kaiser (Bioreba), M. Colomer (Plant Print Diagnostics), and J. Van Beckhoven (Prime Diagnostics). Colleagues from the Plant Protection and Plant Health Services of various Ministries of Agriculture and research institutes provided official and unofficial information on the status of PPV and the impacts of sharka. The Plant Protection Services and Research Institutes of Spain, including Dr. M.A. Cambra (Aragón) provided an image of discarded peaches, M.A. Solé (Catalonia), A. Cano (Murcia), I. Cornago (Sevilla), A. Ferrer and V. Dalmau (Valencia), Dr J. García-Brunton (IMIDA-Murcia), Dr G. Llácer (IVIA), and Dr O. Esteban (Barcelona, consultant). Gratitude is also extended to: the Agricultural and Livestock Service of Chile, including M.E. Murillo Sepúlveda, F.E. González Abarca, and F. Torres Parada, and the Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies for Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ openAccess The international journal of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union electronico |
| spellingShingle | PPV direct costs indirect costs ELISA tests eradication RNQP H20 Plant diseases Losses Subsidies Quarantine Cambra, Mariano Madariaga, Mónica Varveri, Chistina Çaglayan, Kadriye Morca, Ali Ferhan Chirkov, Sergei Glasa, Miroslav Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title | Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title_full | Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title_fullStr | Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title_short | Estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka, the disease it causes |
| title_sort | estimated costs of plum pox virus and management of sharka the disease it causes |
| topic | PPV direct costs indirect costs ELISA tests eradication RNQP H20 Plant diseases Losses Subsidies Quarantine |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9062 https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/15581 |
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