Detection of subsurface bruises in plums using spectral imaging and deep learning with wavelength selection
Plums are widely consumed, both fresh and processed. During harvest, handling, or transportation, they are exposed to static and dynamic compression forces exceeding the critical stress for tissue damage. Compressionrelated damage typically develops further as the fruit ripens and softens, facilit...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/9028 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925521423003769 |
| Sumario: | Plums are widely consumed, both fresh and processed. During harvest, handling, or transportation, they are
exposed to static and dynamic compression forces exceeding the critical stress for tissue damage. Compressionrelated
damage typically develops further as the fruit ripens and softens, facilitating the occurrence of rot, which
might cause significant losses in the supply chain. Early detection of these damages is crucial to sorting the
damaged fruit out and deviating it to processing, thus preventing food waste. However, early-stage bruises or
damages on plums are not visible, especially not in dark-skin cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the
potential of hyperspectral imaging in the 430 to 1 000 nm range and deep learning algorithms to detect these
invisible bruises at an early stage. To this end, ’Presenta’ plums were impacted at three different levels to
simulate varying degrees of damage. Images of both bruised and non-bruised plums were taken immediately after
bruising and 24 and 48 h after bruise induction. Three distinct CNNs were trained to analyze the images. Two of
these networks were implemented using transfer learning (ResNet and HSCNN), while the third was customdesigned
for this specific purpose. The most informative wavelengths were identified as inputs for the CNNs
employing PCA. F1 scores over 81% were obtained in all cases, and almost 100% accuracy was obtained in
classifying the bruised plums with the highest impact energy of 0.50 J. Thus, detecting and classifying bruised
plums using only three wavelengths is possible, paving the way for in-line sorting with multispectral cameras in
packing houses. |
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