Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation
Southern tomato virus (STV) is a persistent virus that was, at the beginning, associated with some tomato fruit disorders. Subsequent studies showed that the virus did not induce apparent symptoms in single infections. Accordingly, the reported symptoms could be induced by the interaction of STV wit...
| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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MDPI
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7739 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/689 |
| _version_ | 1855032661792260096 |
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| author | Elvira-González, Laura Peiró, Rosa Rubio, Luis Galipienso, Luis |
| author_browse | Elvira-González, Laura Galipienso, Luis Peiró, Rosa Rubio, Luis |
| author_facet | Elvira-González, Laura Peiró, Rosa Rubio, Luis Galipienso, Luis |
| author_sort | Elvira-González, Laura |
| collection | ReDivia |
| description | Southern tomato virus (STV) is a persistent virus that was, at the beginning, associated with some tomato fruit disorders. Subsequent studies showed that the virus did not induce apparent symptoms in single infections. Accordingly, the reported symptoms could be induced by the interaction of STV with other viruses, which frequently infect tomato. Here, we studied the effect of STV in co- and triple-infections with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Our results showed complex interactions among these viruses. Co-infections leaded to a synergism between STV and CMV or PepMV: STV increased CMV titer and plant symptoms at early infection stages, whereas PepMV only exacerbated the plant symptoms. CMV and PepMV coinfection showed an antagonistic interaction with a strong decrease of CMV titer and a modification of the plant symptoms with respect to the single infections. However, the presence of STV in a triple-infection abolished this antagonism, restoring the CMV titer and plant symptoms. The siRNAs analysis showed a total of 78 miRNAs, with 47 corresponding to novel miRNAs in tomato, which were expressed differentially in the plants that were infected with these viruses with respect to the control mock-inoculated plants. These miRNAs were involved in the regulation of important functions and their number and expression level varied, depending on the virus combination. The number of vsiRNAs in STV single-infected tomato plants was very small, but STV vsiRNAs increased with the presence of CMV and PepMV. Additionally, the rates of CMV and PepMV vsiRNAs varied depending on the virus combination. The frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomes were not uniform, but they were not influenced by other viruses. |
| format | article |
| id | ReDivia7739 |
| institution | Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| publisherStr | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ReDivia77392025-04-25T14:48:31Z Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation Elvira-González, Laura Peiró, Rosa Rubio, Luis Galipienso, Luis Persistent viruses Amalgaviridae vsiRNAs miRNAs Mixed-infections Southern tomato virus Plant symptoms Pepino mosaic virus H20 Plant diseases Synergism Antagonism Cmv (cucumber mosaic virus) Southern tomato virus (STV) is a persistent virus that was, at the beginning, associated with some tomato fruit disorders. Subsequent studies showed that the virus did not induce apparent symptoms in single infections. Accordingly, the reported symptoms could be induced by the interaction of STV with other viruses, which frequently infect tomato. Here, we studied the effect of STV in co- and triple-infections with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Our results showed complex interactions among these viruses. Co-infections leaded to a synergism between STV and CMV or PepMV: STV increased CMV titer and plant symptoms at early infection stages, whereas PepMV only exacerbated the plant symptoms. CMV and PepMV coinfection showed an antagonistic interaction with a strong decrease of CMV titer and a modification of the plant symptoms with respect to the single infections. However, the presence of STV in a triple-infection abolished this antagonism, restoring the CMV titer and plant symptoms. The siRNAs analysis showed a total of 78 miRNAs, with 47 corresponding to novel miRNAs in tomato, which were expressed differentially in the plants that were infected with these viruses with respect to the control mock-inoculated plants. These miRNAs were involved in the regulation of important functions and their number and expression level varied, depending on the virus combination. The number of vsiRNAs in STV single-infected tomato plants was very small, but STV vsiRNAs increased with the presence of CMV and PepMV. Additionally, the rates of CMV and PepMV vsiRNAs varied depending on the virus combination. The frequencies of vsiRNAs in the viral genomes were not uniform, but they were not influenced by other viruses. 2021-11-09T15:01:32Z 2021-11-09T15:01:32Z 2021 article publishedVersion Elvira González, L., Peiró, R., Rubio, L. & Galipienso, L. (2021). Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation. Microorganisms, 9, 689. 2076-2607 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7739 10.3390/microorganisms9040689 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/689 en info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Programa estatal de i+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad/E-RTA2014-00010-C02-01//Caracterización molecular de aislados españoles de Southern tomato virus (STV) y puesta a punto de métodos de detección del virus This research was supported by the INIA research project E-RTA2014-00010-C02 co-funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the Generalitat Valenciana 2014–2020. Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ openAccess MDPI electronico |
| spellingShingle | Persistent viruses Amalgaviridae vsiRNAs miRNAs Mixed-infections Southern tomato virus Plant symptoms Pepino mosaic virus H20 Plant diseases Synergism Antagonism Cmv (cucumber mosaic virus) Elvira-González, Laura Peiró, Rosa Rubio, Luis Galipienso, Luis Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title | Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title_full | Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title_fullStr | Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title_short | Persistent Southern Tomato Virus (STV) Interacts with Cucumber Mosaic and/or Pepino Mosaic Virus in Mixed- Infections Modifying Plant Symptoms, Viral Titer and Small RNA Accumulation |
| title_sort | persistent southern tomato virus stv interacts with cucumber mosaic and or pepino mosaic virus in mixed infections modifying plant symptoms viral titer and small rna accumulation |
| topic | Persistent viruses Amalgaviridae vsiRNAs miRNAs Mixed-infections Southern tomato virus Plant symptoms Pepino mosaic virus H20 Plant diseases Synergism Antagonism Cmv (cucumber mosaic virus) |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7739 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/689 |
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