Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal
By using different physical foundations and technologies, many probes have been developed for on-site soil salinity appraisal in the last forty years. In order to better understand their respective technical and practical advantages and constraints, comparisons among probes are needed. In this study...
| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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MDPI
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7064 https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/4/61/htm |
| _version_ | 1855032538984087552 |
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| author | Visconti, Fernando De-Paz, José M. |
| author_browse | De-Paz, José M. Visconti, Fernando |
| author_facet | Visconti, Fernando De-Paz, José M. |
| author_sort | Visconti, Fernando |
| collection | ReDivia |
| description | By using different physical foundations and technologies, many probes have been developed for on-site soil salinity appraisal in the last forty years. In order to better understand their respective technical and practical advantages and constraints, comparisons among probes are needed. In this study, three different probes, based on electrical resistance (ER), electromagnetic induction (EMI), and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), were compared during a field survey carried out in a large salt-threatened agricultural area. Information about the soil bulk electrical conductivity (σb) at different depths was obtained with each of the probes and, additionally, other soil properties were also measured depending on the specifications of each instrument and, moreover, determined in samples. On average, the EMI and FDR techniques could be regarded as equivalent for σb measurement, whereas ER gave higher σb values. Whatever the case, EMI, and also ER, had to be supplemented with information about soil clay, organic matter, and water mass fractions to attain, despite this effort, poor soil salinity estimations by means of multiple linear regression models (R2 < 0.5). On the contrary, FDR needed only probe data to achieve R2 of 0.7, though root mean standard error (RMSE) was still 1.5 dS m−1. The extra measurements and calculations that modern electrical conductivity contact probes integrate, specifically, those based on FDR, remarkably increase their ability for soil salinity appraisal, although there is still room for improvement. |
| format | article |
| id | ReDivia7064 |
| institution | Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| publisherStr | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ReDivia70642025-04-25T14:48:06Z Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal Visconti, Fernando De-Paz, José M. Electromagnetic induction Frequency domain reflectrometry P30 Soil science and management P33 Soil chemistry and physics Soil salinity Sensors Electrical resistance By using different physical foundations and technologies, many probes have been developed for on-site soil salinity appraisal in the last forty years. In order to better understand their respective technical and practical advantages and constraints, comparisons among probes are needed. In this study, three different probes, based on electrical resistance (ER), electromagnetic induction (EMI), and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), were compared during a field survey carried out in a large salt-threatened agricultural area. Information about the soil bulk electrical conductivity (σb) at different depths was obtained with each of the probes and, additionally, other soil properties were also measured depending on the specifications of each instrument and, moreover, determined in samples. On average, the EMI and FDR techniques could be regarded as equivalent for σb measurement, whereas ER gave higher σb values. Whatever the case, EMI, and also ER, had to be supplemented with information about soil clay, organic matter, and water mass fractions to attain, despite this effort, poor soil salinity estimations by means of multiple linear regression models (R2 < 0.5). On the contrary, FDR needed only probe data to achieve R2 of 0.7, though root mean standard error (RMSE) was still 1.5 dS m−1. The extra measurements and calculations that modern electrical conductivity contact probes integrate, specifically, those based on FDR, remarkably increase their ability for soil salinity appraisal, although there is still room for improvement. 2021-02-08T08:32:10Z 2021-02-08T08:32:10Z 2020 article publishedVersion Visconti, F., & de-Paz, J. M. (2020). Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal. Soil Systems, 4(4), 61. 2571-8789 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7064 10.3390/soilsystems4040061 https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/4/61/htm en Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ openAccess MDPI electronico |
| spellingShingle | Electromagnetic induction Frequency domain reflectrometry P30 Soil science and management P33 Soil chemistry and physics Soil salinity Sensors Electrical resistance Visconti, Fernando De-Paz, José M. Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title | Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title_full | Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title_fullStr | Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title_short | Field Comparison of Electrical Resistance, Electromagnetic Induction, and Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Soil Salinity Appraisal |
| title_sort | field comparison of electrical resistance electromagnetic induction and frequency domain reflectometry for soil salinity appraisal |
| topic | Electromagnetic induction Frequency domain reflectrometry P30 Soil science and management P33 Soil chemistry and physics Soil salinity Sensors Electrical resistance |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/7064 https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/4/4/61/htm |
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