Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops

Synthetic polyploids have been extensively studied for breeding in the last decade. However, the use of such genotypes at the agronomical level is still limited. Polyploidization is known to modify certain plant phenotypes, while leaving most of the fundamental characteristics apparently untouched....

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Autores principales: Ruiz, Marta, Oustric, Julie, Santini, Jerémie, Morillon, Raphael
Formato: article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Frontiers Media 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6868
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.540894/full
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author Ruiz, Marta
Oustric, Julie
Santini, Jerémie
Morillon, Raphael
author_browse Morillon, Raphael
Oustric, Julie
Ruiz, Marta
Santini, Jerémie
author_facet Ruiz, Marta
Oustric, Julie
Santini, Jerémie
Morillon, Raphael
author_sort Ruiz, Marta
collection ReDivia
description Synthetic polyploids have been extensively studied for breeding in the last decade. However, the use of such genotypes at the agronomical level is still limited. Polyploidization is known to modify certain plant phenotypes, while leaving most of the fundamental characteristics apparently untouched. For this reason, polyploid breeding can be very useful for improving specific traits of crop varieties, such as quality, yield, or environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie polyploidy-induced novelty remain poorly understood. Ploidy-induced phenotypes might also include some undesired effects that need to be considered. In the case of grafted or composite crops, benefits can be provided both by the rootstock’s adaptation to the soil conditions and by the scion’s excellent yield and quality. Thus, grafted crops provide an extraordinary opportunity to exploit artificial polyploidy, as the effects can be independently applied and explored at the root and/or scion level, increasing the chances of finding successful combinations. The use of synthetic tetraploid (4x) rootstocks may enhance adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses in perennial crops such as apple or citrus. However, their use in commercial production is still very limited. Here, we will review the current and prospective use of artificial polyploidy for rootstock and scion improvement and the implications of their combination. The aim is to provide insight into the methods used to generate and select artificial polyploids and their limitations, the effects of polyploidy on crop phenotype (anatomy, function, quality, yield, and adaptation to stresses) and their potential agronomic relevance as scions or rootstocks in the context of climate change.
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spelling ReDivia68682025-04-25T14:47:54Z Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops Ruiz, Marta Oustric, Julie Santini, Jerémie Morillon, Raphael Stress tolerance F30 Plant genetics and breeding Grafting Polyploids Rootstocks Scions Synthetic polyploids have been extensively studied for breeding in the last decade. However, the use of such genotypes at the agronomical level is still limited. Polyploidization is known to modify certain plant phenotypes, while leaving most of the fundamental characteristics apparently untouched. For this reason, polyploid breeding can be very useful for improving specific traits of crop varieties, such as quality, yield, or environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie polyploidy-induced novelty remain poorly understood. Ploidy-induced phenotypes might also include some undesired effects that need to be considered. In the case of grafted or composite crops, benefits can be provided both by the rootstock’s adaptation to the soil conditions and by the scion’s excellent yield and quality. Thus, grafted crops provide an extraordinary opportunity to exploit artificial polyploidy, as the effects can be independently applied and explored at the root and/or scion level, increasing the chances of finding successful combinations. The use of synthetic tetraploid (4x) rootstocks may enhance adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses in perennial crops such as apple or citrus. However, their use in commercial production is still very limited. Here, we will review the current and prospective use of artificial polyploidy for rootstock and scion improvement and the implications of their combination. The aim is to provide insight into the methods used to generate and select artificial polyploids and their limitations, the effects of polyploidy on crop phenotype (anatomy, function, quality, yield, and adaptation to stresses) and their potential agronomic relevance as scions or rootstocks in the context of climate change. 2020-12-09T09:58:28Z 2020-12-09T09:58:28Z 2020 article publishedVersion Ruiz, M., Oustric, J., Santini, J. & Morillon, R. (2020) Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops. Front. Plant Sci., 11:540894. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.540894 1664-462X http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6868 10.3389/fpls.2020.540894 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.540894/full en Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ openAccess Frontiers Media electronico
spellingShingle Stress tolerance
F30 Plant genetics and breeding
Grafting
Polyploids
Rootstocks
Scions
Ruiz, Marta
Oustric, Julie
Santini, Jerémie
Morillon, Raphael
Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title_full Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title_fullStr Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title_full_unstemmed Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title_short Synthetic Polyploidy in Grafted Crops
title_sort synthetic polyploidy in grafted crops
topic Stress tolerance
F30 Plant genetics and breeding
Grafting
Polyploids
Rootstocks
Scions
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6868
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.540894/full
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AT oustricjulie syntheticpolyploidyingraftedcrops
AT santinijeremie syntheticpolyploidyingraftedcrops
AT morillonraphael syntheticpolyploidyingraftedcrops