Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores

Aboveground plant performance is strongly influenced by belowground microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and have negative effects, while others, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, usually have positive effects. Recent research revealed that belowground intera...

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Autores principales: Khaitov, Botir, Patiño-Ruiz, José David, Pina, Tatiana, Schausberger, Peter
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Wiley online Library 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6506
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.1654
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author Khaitov, Botir
Patiño-Ruiz, José David
Pina, Tatiana
Schausberger, Peter
author_browse Khaitov, Botir
Patiño-Ruiz, José David
Pina, Tatiana
Schausberger, Peter
author_facet Khaitov, Botir
Patiño-Ruiz, José David
Pina, Tatiana
Schausberger, Peter
author_sort Khaitov, Botir
collection ReDivia
description Aboveground plant performance is strongly influenced by belowground microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and have negative effects, while others, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, usually have positive effects. Recent research revealed that belowground interactions between plants and functionally distinct groups of microorganisms cascade up to aboveground plant associates such as herbivores and their natural enemies. However, while functionally distinct belowground microorganisms commonly co-occur in the rhizosphere, their combined effects, and relative contributions, respectively, on performance of aboveground plant-associated organisms are virtually unexplored. Here, we scrutinized and disentangled the effects of free-living nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum (DB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (AMF) on host plant choice and reproduction of the herbivorous two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris. Additionally, we assessed plant growth, and AMF and DB occurrence and density as affected by each other. Both AMF alone and DB alone increased spider mite reproduction to similar levels, as compared to the control, and exerted additive effects under co-occurrence. These effects were similarly apparent in host plant choice, that is, the mites preferred leaves from plants with both AMF and DB to plants with AMF or DB to plants grown without AMF and DB. DB, which also act as AMF helper bacteria, enhanced root colonization by AMF, whereas AMF did not affect DB abundance. AMF but not DB increased growth of reproductive plant tissue and seed production, respectively. Both AMF and DB increased the biomass of vegetative aboveground plant tissue. Our study breaks new ground in multitrophic belowground–aboveground research by providing first insights into the fitness implications of plant-mediated interactions between interrelated belowground fungi–bacteria and aboveground herbivores.
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spelling ReDivia65062025-04-25T14:47:19Z Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores Khaitov, Botir Patiño-Ruiz, José David Pina, Tatiana Schausberger, Peter Aboveground-belowground interactions Arbuscular mycorrhyza Multitrophic interactions F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry Fitness (physical) Nitrogen fixation Spider mites Aboveground plant performance is strongly influenced by belowground microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and have negative effects, while others, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, usually have positive effects. Recent research revealed that belowground interactions between plants and functionally distinct groups of microorganisms cascade up to aboveground plant associates such as herbivores and their natural enemies. However, while functionally distinct belowground microorganisms commonly co-occur in the rhizosphere, their combined effects, and relative contributions, respectively, on performance of aboveground plant-associated organisms are virtually unexplored. Here, we scrutinized and disentangled the effects of free-living nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum (DB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (AMF) on host plant choice and reproduction of the herbivorous two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris. Additionally, we assessed plant growth, and AMF and DB occurrence and density as affected by each other. Both AMF alone and DB alone increased spider mite reproduction to similar levels, as compared to the control, and exerted additive effects under co-occurrence. These effects were similarly apparent in host plant choice, that is, the mites preferred leaves from plants with both AMF and DB to plants with AMF or DB to plants grown without AMF and DB. DB, which also act as AMF helper bacteria, enhanced root colonization by AMF, whereas AMF did not affect DB abundance. AMF but not DB increased growth of reproductive plant tissue and seed production, respectively. Both AMF and DB increased the biomass of vegetative aboveground plant tissue. Our study breaks new ground in multitrophic belowground–aboveground research by providing first insights into the fitness implications of plant-mediated interactions between interrelated belowground fungi–bacteria and aboveground herbivores. 2020-06-08T08:12:03Z 2020-06-08T08:12:03Z 2015 article publishedVersion Khaitov, B., Patiño‐Ruiz, J. D., Pina, T., & Schausberger, P. (2015). Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free‐living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores. Ecology and evolution, 5(17), 3756-3768. 2045-7758 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6506 10.1002/ece3.1654 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.1654 en Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ Wiley online Library electronico
spellingShingle Aboveground-belowground interactions
Arbuscular mycorrhyza
Multitrophic interactions
F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry
Fitness (physical)
Nitrogen fixation
Spider mites
Khaitov, Botir
Patiño-Ruiz, José David
Pina, Tatiana
Schausberger, Peter
Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title_full Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title_fullStr Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title_full_unstemmed Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title_short Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
title_sort interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free living nitrogen fixers cascade up to aboveground herbivores
topic Aboveground-belowground interactions
Arbuscular mycorrhyza
Multitrophic interactions
F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry
Fitness (physical)
Nitrogen fixation
Spider mites
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6506
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.1654
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