Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses
First we describe the different types of biocontrol used in greenhouses and present examples of each type. Next we summarize the history of greenhouse biocontrol, which started in 1926, showed a problematic period when synthetic chemical pesticides became available after 1945, and flourished again s...
| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Capítulo de libro |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Springer
2020
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6389 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_14 |
| _version_ | 1855492074921525248 |
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| author | van Lenteren, Joop C. Alomar, Óscar Ravensberg, Willem J. Urbaneja, Alberto |
| author2 | Gullino, María Lodovica |
| author_browse | Alomar, Óscar Gullino, María Lodovica Ravensberg, Willem J. Urbaneja, Alberto van Lenteren, Joop C. |
| author_facet | Gullino, María Lodovica van Lenteren, Joop C. Alomar, Óscar Ravensberg, Willem J. Urbaneja, Alberto |
| author_sort | van Lenteren, Joop C. |
| collection | ReDivia |
| description | First we describe the different types of biocontrol used in greenhouses
and present examples of each type. Next we summarize the history of greenhouse
biocontrol, which started in 1926, showed a problematic period when synthetic
chemical pesticides became available after 1945, and flourished again since the
1970s. After 1970, the number of natural enemies becoming available for commercial
augmentative biocontrol in greenhouses grew very fast, as well as the industry
producting these control agents. Biocontrol of the most important clusters of greenhouse
pests is summarized, as well as the taxonomic groups of natural enemies that
play a main role in greenhouses. More than 90% of natural enemy species used in
greenhouses belong to the Arthropoda and less than 10%, many belonging to the
Nematoda, are non-arthropods. This is followed by sections on finding and evaluation
of potential biocontrol agents, and on mass production, storage, release and
quality control of natural enemies. Since the 1970s, production of biocontrol agents
has moved from a cottage industry to professional research and production facilities.
Many efficient agents have been identified, quality control protocols, mass-production,
shipment and release methods matured, and adequate guidance for
farmers has been developed. Most natural enemy species (75%) are produced in low
or medium numbers per week (hundreds to a hundred thousand), and are applied insituations where only low numbers are needed, such as private gardens, hospitals,
banks, and shopping malls. The other 25% of the species are produced in numbers
of 100,000 to up to millions per week and regularly released in many of the greenhouse
crops. Microbial pesticides are predominantly used as corrective treatments
in greenhouse crops where natural enemies are providing insufficient control.
Europe is still the largest commercial market for arthropod greenhouse biocontrol
agents, and North America is the largest market for microbial control agents. We
then continue with a discussion on the pros and cons of use of polyphagous predators,
and the use of semiochemicals. Finally, we summarize factors that indicate a
positive future for greenhouse biocontrol, as well as developments frustrating its
implementation. |
| format | Capítulo de libro |
| id | ReDivia6389 |
| institution | Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Springer |
| publisherStr | Springer |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ReDivia63892025-04-25T14:50:18Z Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses van Lenteren, Joop C. Alomar, Óscar Ravensberg, Willem J. Urbaneja, Alberto Gullino, María Lodovica H10 Pests of plants Greenhouse crops Integrated pest management First we describe the different types of biocontrol used in greenhouses and present examples of each type. Next we summarize the history of greenhouse biocontrol, which started in 1926, showed a problematic period when synthetic chemical pesticides became available after 1945, and flourished again since the 1970s. After 1970, the number of natural enemies becoming available for commercial augmentative biocontrol in greenhouses grew very fast, as well as the industry producting these control agents. Biocontrol of the most important clusters of greenhouse pests is summarized, as well as the taxonomic groups of natural enemies that play a main role in greenhouses. More than 90% of natural enemy species used in greenhouses belong to the Arthropoda and less than 10%, many belonging to the Nematoda, are non-arthropods. This is followed by sections on finding and evaluation of potential biocontrol agents, and on mass production, storage, release and quality control of natural enemies. Since the 1970s, production of biocontrol agents has moved from a cottage industry to professional research and production facilities. Many efficient agents have been identified, quality control protocols, mass-production, shipment and release methods matured, and adequate guidance for farmers has been developed. Most natural enemy species (75%) are produced in low or medium numbers per week (hundreds to a hundred thousand), and are applied insituations where only low numbers are needed, such as private gardens, hospitals, banks, and shopping malls. The other 25% of the species are produced in numbers of 100,000 to up to millions per week and regularly released in many of the greenhouse crops. Microbial pesticides are predominantly used as corrective treatments in greenhouse crops where natural enemies are providing insufficient control. Europe is still the largest commercial market for arthropod greenhouse biocontrol agents, and North America is the largest market for microbial control agents. We then continue with a discussion on the pros and cons of use of polyphagous predators, and the use of semiochemicals. Finally, we summarize factors that indicate a positive future for greenhouse biocontrol, as well as developments frustrating its implementation. 2020-04-21T15:27:45Z 2020-04-21T15:27:45Z 2020 bookPart Lenteren, J.C. Van, Alomar, O., Ravensberg, W.J., Urbaneja, A., 2020. Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, in: Gullino, M.L., Albajes, R., Nicot, P.C. (Eds.), Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, Plant Pathology in the 21st Century 9,. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 409–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5 978-3-030-22303-8 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6389 10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_14 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_14 en Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops closedAccess Springer electronico |
| spellingShingle | H10 Pests of plants Greenhouse crops Integrated pest management van Lenteren, Joop C. Alomar, Óscar Ravensberg, Willem J. Urbaneja, Alberto Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title | Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title_full | Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title_fullStr | Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title_short | Biological Control Agents for Control of Pests in Greenhouses |
| title_sort | biological control agents for control of pests in greenhouses |
| topic | H10 Pests of plants Greenhouse crops Integrated pest management |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11939/6389 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_14 |
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