Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops
In maize (Zea mays, L.) genotypic variability in the relationship between total kernel number per plant (KNP) and plant growth rate (PGR) during the period bracketing silking (R1 ± 15 d), and in kernel set efficiency (KNP PGR−1, KSE) have been widely documented. Nitrogen supply (Ns) affects PGR and...
| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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Elsevier
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9869 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429021001623 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108216 |
| _version_ | 1855036290437742592 |
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| author | Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Caviglia, Octavio |
| author_browse | Caviglia, Octavio Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Maltese, Nicolás Melchiori, Ricardo Jose |
| author_facet | Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Caviglia, Octavio |
| author_sort | Maltese, Nicolás |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | In maize (Zea mays, L.) genotypic variability in the relationship between total kernel number per plant (KNP) and plant growth rate (PGR) during the period bracketing silking (R1 ± 15 d), and in kernel set efficiency (KNP PGR−1, KSE) have been widely documented. Nitrogen supply (Ns) affects PGR and hence KNP (i.e. indirect effect on KNP), but reports on a direct N effect on KNP PGR−1 are still contradictories. Moreover, recent studies have documented that prolificacy (the number of ears per plant) was cancelled out in N-limited plants despite of their high PGR. Additionally, PGR can be differentially affected by environmental conditions (e.g. sowing dates) through indirect effects on plant size or directly, which could determine changes on KSE. Field experiments were carried-out in Paraná (31° 48' S, 60° 32' W), Argentina, during two growing seasons (2014−15 and 2015−16). Two single cross hybrids were sown in two sowing dates (early: September and late: December), with three N fertilizer rates (0, 90, and 270 kg N ha−1) at three plant densities (5, 7 and 9 pl m−2). The effects of plant N status and plant size on KNP, KSE and prolificacy were study for a wide range of PGR and relative PGR (rPGR). Plant N status was estimated by using SPAD measurements on the ear-leaf blade at R1. Ranges of lower, mid and higher PGR (absolute and relative values) and SPAD units were established using 33rd and 66th percentiles. Curvilinear functions were fitted to kernel number at the apical ear (KNE1) vs. PGR and KNP vs. PGR and boundary functions were also fitted to calculate the unexplained variance (i.e. residuals) of these functions, indicative of direct plant N status effects on KSE. Residuals of KNE1 vs. PGR relationship decreased with increases in plant N status up to a threshold value of 46.8 SPAD units (R2 = 0.75, P < 0.001). Prolificacy was expressed for plants with SPAD units greater than 50 and residuals of KNP vs. PGR relationship decreased with increases in SPAD units only in prolific plants of early-sown crops (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.10). The analysis of KNP vs. PGR and KNP vs. rPGR allowed us to elucidate the direct effect of plant N status on KSE under a wide range of environmental conditions, especially those promoting by sowing date x plant density x N rate. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA9869 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA98692021-07-22T16:06:22Z Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Caviglia, Octavio Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Germen Zea mays Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Kernels In maize (Zea mays, L.) genotypic variability in the relationship between total kernel number per plant (KNP) and plant growth rate (PGR) during the period bracketing silking (R1 ± 15 d), and in kernel set efficiency (KNP PGR−1, KSE) have been widely documented. Nitrogen supply (Ns) affects PGR and hence KNP (i.e. indirect effect on KNP), but reports on a direct N effect on KNP PGR−1 are still contradictories. Moreover, recent studies have documented that prolificacy (the number of ears per plant) was cancelled out in N-limited plants despite of their high PGR. Additionally, PGR can be differentially affected by environmental conditions (e.g. sowing dates) through indirect effects on plant size or directly, which could determine changes on KSE. Field experiments were carried-out in Paraná (31° 48' S, 60° 32' W), Argentina, during two growing seasons (2014−15 and 2015−16). Two single cross hybrids were sown in two sowing dates (early: September and late: December), with three N fertilizer rates (0, 90, and 270 kg N ha−1) at three plant densities (5, 7 and 9 pl m−2). The effects of plant N status and plant size on KNP, KSE and prolificacy were study for a wide range of PGR and relative PGR (rPGR). Plant N status was estimated by using SPAD measurements on the ear-leaf blade at R1. Ranges of lower, mid and higher PGR (absolute and relative values) and SPAD units were established using 33rd and 66th percentiles. Curvilinear functions were fitted to kernel number at the apical ear (KNE1) vs. PGR and KNP vs. PGR and boundary functions were also fitted to calculate the unexplained variance (i.e. residuals) of these functions, indicative of direct plant N status effects on KSE. Residuals of KNE1 vs. PGR relationship decreased with increases in plant N status up to a threshold value of 46.8 SPAD units (R2 = 0.75, P < 0.001). Prolificacy was expressed for plants with SPAD units greater than 50 and residuals of KNP vs. PGR relationship decreased with increases in SPAD units only in prolific plants of early-sown crops (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.10). The analysis of KNP vs. PGR and KNP vs. rPGR allowed us to elucidate the direct effect of plant N status on KSE under a wide range of environmental conditions, especially those promoting by sowing date x plant density x N rate. EEA Paraná Fil: Maltese, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Maltese, Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Fil: Maltese, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Maddonni, Gustavo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina Fil: Maddonni, Gustavo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura; Argentina Fil: Melchiori, Ricardo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Fil: Caviglia, Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Caviglia, Octavio. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina 2021-07-22T15:02:11Z 2021-07-22T15:02:11Z 2021-08 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9869 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429021001623 0378-4290 1872-6852 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108216 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Elsevier Field Crops Research 270 : 108216 (August 2021) |
| spellingShingle | Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Germen Zea mays Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Kernels Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Caviglia, Octavio Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title | Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title_full | Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title_fullStr | Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title_short | Plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early- and late-sown maize crops |
| title_sort | plant nitrogen status at flowering and kernel set efficiency in early and late sown maize crops |
| topic | Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Germen Zea mays Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Kernels |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9869 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429021001623 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108216 |
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