Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model
The representative of the Lentivirus genus is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS because of the existence of the HIV-1 reservoir. HIV-1 infection can persist for decades despite effecti...
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| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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MDPI
2021
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9143 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/16 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010016 |
| _version_ | 1855036160781320192 |
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| author | Pluta, Aneta Jaworski, Juan Pablo Cortés-Rubio, César N. |
| author_browse | Cortés-Rubio, César N. Jaworski, Juan Pablo Pluta, Aneta |
| author_facet | Pluta, Aneta Jaworski, Juan Pablo Cortés-Rubio, César N. |
| author_sort | Pluta, Aneta |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | The representative of the Lentivirus genus is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS because of the existence of the HIV-1 reservoir. HIV-1 infection can persist for decades despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), due to the persistence of infectious latent viruses in long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, microglial cells, and other cell types. However, the biology of HIV-1 latency remains incompletely understood. Retroviral long terminal repeat region (LTR) plays an indispensable role in controlling viral gene expression. Regulation of the transcription initiation plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining a retrovirus latency. Whether and how retroviruses establish latency and reactivate remains unclear. In this article, we describe what is known about the regulation of LTR-driven transcription in HIV-1, that is, the cis-elements present in the LTR, the role of LTR transcription factor binding sites in LTR-driven transcription, the role of HIV-1-encoded transactivator protein, hormonal effects on virus transcription, impact of LTR variability on transcription, and epigenetic control of retrovirus LTR. Finally, we focus on a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/dCas9)-based strategy for HIV-1 reservoir purging. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA9143 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| publisherStr | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA91432021-04-21T14:34:24Z Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model Pluta, Aneta Jaworski, Juan Pablo Cortés-Rubio, César N. Retroviridae Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana Infección por VIH Infecciones Latentes Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Interespaciadas Transcripción Lentivirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infections Latent Infections CRISPR Transcription The representative of the Lentivirus genus is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, there is no cure for AIDS because of the existence of the HIV-1 reservoir. HIV-1 infection can persist for decades despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), due to the persistence of infectious latent viruses in long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, microglial cells, and other cell types. However, the biology of HIV-1 latency remains incompletely understood. Retroviral long terminal repeat region (LTR) plays an indispensable role in controlling viral gene expression. Regulation of the transcription initiation plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining a retrovirus latency. Whether and how retroviruses establish latency and reactivate remains unclear. In this article, we describe what is known about the regulation of LTR-driven transcription in HIV-1, that is, the cis-elements present in the LTR, the role of LTR transcription factor binding sites in LTR-driven transcription, the role of HIV-1-encoded transactivator protein, hormonal effects on virus transcription, impact of LTR variability on transcription, and epigenetic control of retrovirus LTR. Finally, we focus on a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/dCas9)-based strategy for HIV-1 reservoir purging. Instituto de Virología Fil: Pluta, Aneta. National Veterinary Research Institute. Department of Biochemistry; Polonia Fil: Jaworski, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Jaworski, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Cortés-Rubio, César N. National Institute of Respiratory Diseases. Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases; México 2021-04-21T14:25:05Z 2021-04-21T14:25:05Z 2021-01 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9143 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/16 2076-0817 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010016 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf MDPI Pathogens 10 (1) : 16 (Enero 2021) |
| spellingShingle | Retroviridae Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana Infección por VIH Infecciones Latentes Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Interespaciadas Transcripción Lentivirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infections Latent Infections CRISPR Transcription Pluta, Aneta Jaworski, Juan Pablo Cortés-Rubio, César N. Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title | Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title_full | Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title_fullStr | Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title_short | Balance between retroviral latency and transcription : based on HIV model |
| title_sort | balance between retroviral latency and transcription based on hiv model |
| topic | Retroviridae Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana Infección por VIH Infecciones Latentes Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Interespaciadas Transcripción Lentivirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infections Latent Infections CRISPR Transcription |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/9143 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/16 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010016 |
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