Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities
In maize (Zea mays L.) crops, nitrogen (N) status at silking (R1) has been used to predict grain yield (GY) response to N fertilization and to develop strategies to manage crop nutrition in order to match N supply with crop demand during growing season, such as late N fertilizations. Crop N status c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8086 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429020312491 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107965 |
| _version_ | 1855035973938708480 |
|---|---|
| author | Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Ferreyra, Juan Matías Caviglia, Octavio |
| author_browse | Caviglia, Octavio Ferreyra, Juan Matías Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Maltese, Nicolás Melchiori, Ricardo Jose |
| author_facet | Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Ferreyra, Juan Matías Caviglia, Octavio |
| author_sort | Maltese, Nicolás |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | In maize (Zea mays L.) crops, nitrogen (N) status at silking (R1) has been used to predict grain yield (GY) response to N fertilization and to develop strategies to manage crop nutrition in order to match N supply with crop demand during growing season, such as late N fertilizations. Crop N status can be estimated by N nutrition index (NNI), which is based on actual and critical N concentration in crop biomass. Optical measurements of N concentration (e.g. SPAD readings) of the leaf blade subtending primary ear have also been used as a proxy of crop N status. Sowing date (SD) and N rates could affect soil N availability and hence crop N uptake at R1. Additionally, the effects of SD and its interaction with plant density (PD), N rates and hybrids (H) on N uptake (NuptP) and particularly on N partitioning in leaf-blades, stem + sheaths and ears could affect SPADs readings. We hypothesized that variations of GY by crop N status at R1 promoted by SD, PD and H, would be better predicted by NNI than by SPAD readings. In this study, two Hs (DK 70−10 VT3P and DK 73−10 VT3P) were cropped in two contrasting SD (early and late) in Paraná, Argentina (31°44′ S 60°32′ W) at three PD (5, 7 and 9 pl m−2) with three N rates (0, 90 and 270 kg N ha-1) in order to evaluate the effect of treatments on: i) N availability, N uptake at the plant and crop level, N partitioning in leaf-blades, stem + sheaths and ears, SPAD readings and NNI at R1, and ii) the relationships among N availability and N uptake at the plant and crop level, NNI, SPAD, and GY. N concentration of leaf-blades was negatively affected by PD, but this reduction was attenuated by N rates, especially in late SD (N x PD x SD interaction). Hence, in early SD, some data of both Hs corresponding to 270 N yielded low SPAD values for NNI greater than 0.86. Consequently, crop N status was better reflected by NNI than by SPAD readings, because NNI considers N stored in the whole plant. NNI at R1 adequately described relative GY variations promoted by SD, PD, N rates and, Hs, i.e. NNI was a more meaningful crop status index than SPAD readings. Overall, our study contributes to understanding mechanisms that regulate crop N status affected by agronomical practices and adds insights to explore in late N fertilization of maize crops. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA8086 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA80862021-03-11T12:02:24Z Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Ferreyra, Juan Matías Caviglia, Octavio Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Espaciamiento Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Spacing Densidad de Siembra In maize (Zea mays L.) crops, nitrogen (N) status at silking (R1) has been used to predict grain yield (GY) response to N fertilization and to develop strategies to manage crop nutrition in order to match N supply with crop demand during growing season, such as late N fertilizations. Crop N status can be estimated by N nutrition index (NNI), which is based on actual and critical N concentration in crop biomass. Optical measurements of N concentration (e.g. SPAD readings) of the leaf blade subtending primary ear have also been used as a proxy of crop N status. Sowing date (SD) and N rates could affect soil N availability and hence crop N uptake at R1. Additionally, the effects of SD and its interaction with plant density (PD), N rates and hybrids (H) on N uptake (NuptP) and particularly on N partitioning in leaf-blades, stem + sheaths and ears could affect SPADs readings. We hypothesized that variations of GY by crop N status at R1 promoted by SD, PD and H, would be better predicted by NNI than by SPAD readings. In this study, two Hs (DK 70−10 VT3P and DK 73−10 VT3P) were cropped in two contrasting SD (early and late) in Paraná, Argentina (31°44′ S 60°32′ W) at three PD (5, 7 and 9 pl m−2) with three N rates (0, 90 and 270 kg N ha-1) in order to evaluate the effect of treatments on: i) N availability, N uptake at the plant and crop level, N partitioning in leaf-blades, stem + sheaths and ears, SPAD readings and NNI at R1, and ii) the relationships among N availability and N uptake at the plant and crop level, NNI, SPAD, and GY. N concentration of leaf-blades was negatively affected by PD, but this reduction was attenuated by N rates, especially in late SD (N x PD x SD interaction). Hence, in early SD, some data of both Hs corresponding to 270 N yielded low SPAD values for NNI greater than 0.86. Consequently, crop N status was better reflected by NNI than by SPAD readings, because NNI considers N stored in the whole plant. NNI at R1 adequately described relative GY variations promoted by SD, PD, N rates and, Hs, i.e. NNI was a more meaningful crop status index than SPAD readings. Overall, our study contributes to understanding mechanisms that regulate crop N status affected by agronomical practices and adds insights to explore in late N fertilization of maize crops. EEA Paraná Fil: Maltese, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Maddonni, Gustavo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura; Argentina Fil: Melchiori, Ricardo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Fil: Ferreyra, J.M. Bayer – Crop Science. Market Development LATAM; Argentina Fil: Caviglia, Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina 2020-10-20T14:19:15Z 2020-10-20T14:19:15Z 2020 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8086 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429020312491 0378-4290 1872-6852 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107965 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Elsevier Field Crops Research 258 : 107965 (November 2020) |
| spellingShingle | Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Espaciamiento Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Spacing Densidad de Siembra Maltese, Nicolás Maddonni, Gustavo Angel Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Ferreyra, Juan Matías Caviglia, Octavio Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title | Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title_full | Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title_fullStr | Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title_short | Crop nitrogen status of early- and late-sown maize at different plant densities |
| title_sort | crop nitrogen status of early and late sown maize at different plant densities |
| topic | Maíz Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Espaciamiento Maize Nitrogen Sowing Date Spacing Densidad de Siembra |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8086 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429020312491 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107965 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maltesenicolas cropnitrogenstatusofearlyandlatesownmaizeatdifferentplantdensities AT maddonnigustavoangel cropnitrogenstatusofearlyandlatesownmaizeatdifferentplantdensities AT melchioriricardojose cropnitrogenstatusofearlyandlatesownmaizeatdifferentplantdensities AT ferreyrajuanmatias cropnitrogenstatusofearlyandlatesownmaizeatdifferentplantdensities AT cavigliaoctavio cropnitrogenstatusofearlyandlatesownmaizeatdifferentplantdensities |