Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020)
Based upon primary productivity estimates, Oliva et al. (2019) concluded that, at the end of last century and after long periods of overgrazing, Patagonia's domestic stocks adjusted to regional‐scale herbivore carrying capacity. Populations of guanaco, a native camelid, increased thereafter, driving...
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| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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Wiley
2020
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8031 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 |
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| author | Oliva, Gabriel Esteban Paredes, Paula Natalia Ferrante, Daniela Cepeda, Carla Tamara Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo |
| author_browse | Cepeda, Carla Tamara Ferrante, Daniela Oliva, Gabriel Esteban Paredes, Paula Natalia Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo |
| author_facet | Oliva, Gabriel Esteban Paredes, Paula Natalia Ferrante, Daniela Cepeda, Carla Tamara Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo |
| author_sort | Oliva, Gabriel Esteban |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | Based upon primary productivity estimates, Oliva et al. (2019) concluded that, at the end of last century and after long periods of overgrazing, Patagonia's domestic stocks adjusted to regional‐scale herbivore carrying capacity. Populations of guanaco, a native camelid, increased thereafter, driving combined grazing pressures once again over carrying capacity in some areas.
Marino et al. (2020) argued that grazing is not really at equilibrium because domestic stocks are concentrated in areas that remain overgrazed. They support the ideas that guanaco density is auto‐regulated by resource‐defence territoriality, and that guanacos are weak competitors with domestic stock, occupying only marginal areas. In their view, Oliva et al. (2019) put guanacos in the role of scapegoats, leaving domestic stocks unchecked.
Equilibrium at regional scale does not preclude overgrazing and under‐grazing at local scales. By separating areas with and without domestic stocks, Marino et al. (2020) estimated overgrazing at 28% in Chubut Province and 73% in Santa Cruz Province. Our recalculations show 28% and 47% domestic overgrazing, respectively. However, when combined with guanaco densities, these increase to 48% for Chubut and 108% for Santa Cruz.
We question the hypothesised lack of competitive value and efficient self‐regulating mechanisms that would prevent guanaco populations from overshooting carrying capacity. A dataset of 13 sheep farms showed mean density of 26 ± 3.8 guanacos/km2 and high combined grazing pressures. This was also observed in a protected area of Chubut that reached 42 guanacos/km2 and crashed during drought, with 60% mortality. Thereafter, guanacos increased to 70 guanacos/km2, with recruitment rates that showed a complex response of density dependence but remained relatively elevated at densities above the estimated carrying capacity.
Synthesis and applications. Marino et al. (2020) are right to question the apparent equilibrium of domestic stocks that are concentrated in areas that may be still overgrazed. But ground data show that guanaco populations have inefficient density population regulation and can reach densities well over carrying capacity, even in the presence of sheep. This does not mean that the main control should be on growing guanaco populations but it stresses our conclusion that joint management of the native‐domestic herbivore system is urgently needed. Joint management can be effected through local plans, as current guanaco management permits can only be issued in areas that are not overgrazed by sheep. Farm management plans may in this way transform an apparent competitor into a valuable resource, complementary to sheep raising. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA8031 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| publisherStr | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA80312020-10-09T17:50:00Z Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) Oliva, Gabriel Esteban Paredes, Paula Natalia Ferrante, Daniela Cepeda, Carla Tamara Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo Pastoreo Grazing Overgrazing Grasslands Sobrepastoreo Praderas Región Patagónica Based upon primary productivity estimates, Oliva et al. (2019) concluded that, at the end of last century and after long periods of overgrazing, Patagonia's domestic stocks adjusted to regional‐scale herbivore carrying capacity. Populations of guanaco, a native camelid, increased thereafter, driving combined grazing pressures once again over carrying capacity in some areas. Marino et al. (2020) argued that grazing is not really at equilibrium because domestic stocks are concentrated in areas that remain overgrazed. They support the ideas that guanaco density is auto‐regulated by resource‐defence territoriality, and that guanacos are weak competitors with domestic stock, occupying only marginal areas. In their view, Oliva et al. (2019) put guanacos in the role of scapegoats, leaving domestic stocks unchecked. Equilibrium at regional scale does not preclude overgrazing and under‐grazing at local scales. By separating areas with and without domestic stocks, Marino et al. (2020) estimated overgrazing at 28% in Chubut Province and 73% in Santa Cruz Province. Our recalculations show 28% and 47% domestic overgrazing, respectively. However, when combined with guanaco densities, these increase to 48% for Chubut and 108% for Santa Cruz. We question the hypothesised lack of competitive value and efficient self‐regulating mechanisms that would prevent guanaco populations from overshooting carrying capacity. A dataset of 13 sheep farms showed mean density of 26 ± 3.8 guanacos/km2 and high combined grazing pressures. This was also observed in a protected area of Chubut that reached 42 guanacos/km2 and crashed during drought, with 60% mortality. Thereafter, guanacos increased to 70 guanacos/km2, with recruitment rates that showed a complex response of density dependence but remained relatively elevated at densities above the estimated carrying capacity. Synthesis and applications. Marino et al. (2020) are right to question the apparent equilibrium of domestic stocks that are concentrated in areas that may be still overgrazed. But ground data show that guanaco populations have inefficient density population regulation and can reach densities well over carrying capacity, even in the presence of sheep. This does not mean that the main control should be on growing guanaco populations but it stresses our conclusion that joint management of the native‐domestic herbivore system is urgently needed. Joint management can be effected through local plans, as current guanaco management permits can only be issued in areas that are not overgrazed by sheep. Farm management plans may in this way transform an apparent competitor into a valuable resource, complementary to sheep raising. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Oliva, Gabriel Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina Fil: Paredes, Paula Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina Fil: Ferrante, Daniela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Río Gallegos; Argentina Fil: Cepeda, Carla Tamara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina Fil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina 2020-10-09T17:26:15Z 2020-10-09T17:26:15Z 2020-09 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8031 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 1365-2664 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Wiley Journal of Applied Ecology (First published: 20 September 2020) |
| spellingShingle | Pastoreo Grazing Overgrazing Grasslands Sobrepastoreo Praderas Región Patagónica Oliva, Gabriel Esteban Paredes, Paula Natalia Ferrante, Daniela Cepeda, Carla Tamara Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title | Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title_full | Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title_fullStr | Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title_short | Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020) |
| title_sort | are patagonia grasslands being overgrazed a response to marino et al 2020 |
| topic | Pastoreo Grazing Overgrazing Grasslands Sobrepastoreo Praderas Región Patagónica |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/8031 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13753 |
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