Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash

Although volcanic eruptions represent short periods in the whole history of a volcano, the large amount of loose pyroclastic material produced, combined with aeolian processes, can lead to continuous, long-lasting reworking of volcanic products. Driven by wind, these processes significantly influen...

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Autores principales: Dominguez, Lucia, Bonadonna, Costanza, Forte, Pablo, Jarvis, Paul Antony, Cioni, Raffaello, Mingari, Leonardo, Bran, Donaldo Eduardo, Panebianco, Juan Esteban
Formato: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Frontiers Media SA 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6679
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author Dominguez, Lucia
Bonadonna, Costanza
Forte, Pablo
Jarvis, Paul Antony
Cioni, Raffaello
Mingari, Leonardo
Bran, Donaldo Eduardo
Panebianco, Juan Esteban
author_browse Bonadonna, Costanza
Bran, Donaldo Eduardo
Cioni, Raffaello
Dominguez, Lucia
Forte, Pablo
Jarvis, Paul Antony
Mingari, Leonardo
Panebianco, Juan Esteban
author_facet Dominguez, Lucia
Bonadonna, Costanza
Forte, Pablo
Jarvis, Paul Antony
Cioni, Raffaello
Mingari, Leonardo
Bran, Donaldo Eduardo
Panebianco, Juan Esteban
author_sort Dominguez, Lucia
collection INTA Digital
description Although volcanic eruptions represent short periods in the whole history of a volcano, the large amount of loose pyroclastic material produced, combined with aeolian processes, can lead to continuous, long-lasting reworking of volcanic products. Driven by wind, these processes significantly influence the geomorphology and prolong the impacts of eruptions on exposed communities and ecosystems. Since such phenomena are of interest to scientists from a range of disciplines (e.g., volcanology, atmospheric and soil sciences), a well-defined, common nomenclature is necessary to optimise the multidisciplinary characterisation of both processes and deposits. We, therefore, first describe ash wind-remobilisation processes and provide definitions for appropriate terms consistent with the World Meteorological Organisation’s (WMO’s) classification of lithometeors. Second, we apply these definitions to investigate aeolian remobilisation of the 2011 Cordón Caulle (Chile) tephra-fallout deposit, which has strongly impacted rural communities in the Argentinian Patagonia steppe. We combine field observations and a physical characterisation of systematically collected ground and airborne material in order to identify the secondary deposits associated with: (i) non-erodible surface roughness elements (e.g., vegetation and rocks) and (ii) pre-existing mounds or similar erodible bedforms. Grainsize analysis shows that wind-remobilised particles have a specific size range, from <0.4 to 500 mm, with a 95% of the material between 1 and 255 mm, median values of 25–135 mm and modes of 30–95 mm. We find that 15– 40% of the remobilised material ranges from 63–125 mm, coinciding with the size range which minimises the wind threshold friction velocity. Interestingly, particle shape analysis shows that for this size fraction, remobilised particles display the largest differences in shape descriptors (convexity, solidity and circularity) with respect to the primary ash, indicating abrasion and rounding due to saltation. Although particle (size and shape) and deposit features (morphology and structures) alone are insufficient to interpret transport mechanisms, their combination suggests that whilst saltation is the most common particle transport mechanism, suspension and creep also play an important role. As well as inferring transport mechanisms from this combined approach, we also demonstrate how the correlation of the primary volcanic source with the associated remobilised deposits is fundamental to our understanding of the life cycle of volcanic ash.
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institution Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina)
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spelling INTA66792020-01-15T12:27:56Z Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash Dominguez, Lucia Bonadonna, Costanza Forte, Pablo Jarvis, Paul Antony Cioni, Raffaello Mingari, Leonardo Bran, Donaldo Eduardo Panebianco, Juan Esteban Sismología Erupciones Volcánicas Ceniza Erosión Eólica Seismology Volcanic Eruptions Ashes Wind Erosion Vulcanología Región Patagónica Cordón Caulle Remobilisation Although volcanic eruptions represent short periods in the whole history of a volcano, the large amount of loose pyroclastic material produced, combined with aeolian processes, can lead to continuous, long-lasting reworking of volcanic products. Driven by wind, these processes significantly influence the geomorphology and prolong the impacts of eruptions on exposed communities and ecosystems. Since such phenomena are of interest to scientists from a range of disciplines (e.g., volcanology, atmospheric and soil sciences), a well-defined, common nomenclature is necessary to optimise the multidisciplinary characterisation of both processes and deposits. We, therefore, first describe ash wind-remobilisation processes and provide definitions for appropriate terms consistent with the World Meteorological Organisation’s (WMO’s) classification of lithometeors. Second, we apply these definitions to investigate aeolian remobilisation of the 2011 Cordón Caulle (Chile) tephra-fallout deposit, which has strongly impacted rural communities in the Argentinian Patagonia steppe. We combine field observations and a physical characterisation of systematically collected ground and airborne material in order to identify the secondary deposits associated with: (i) non-erodible surface roughness elements (e.g., vegetation and rocks) and (ii) pre-existing mounds or similar erodible bedforms. Grainsize analysis shows that wind-remobilised particles have a specific size range, from <0.4 to 500 mm, with a 95% of the material between 1 and 255 mm, median values of 25–135 mm and modes of 30–95 mm. We find that 15– 40% of the remobilised material ranges from 63–125 mm, coinciding with the size range which minimises the wind threshold friction velocity. Interestingly, particle shape analysis shows that for this size fraction, remobilised particles display the largest differences in shape descriptors (convexity, solidity and circularity) with respect to the primary ash, indicating abrasion and rounding due to saltation. Although particle (size and shape) and deposit features (morphology and structures) alone are insufficient to interpret transport mechanisms, their combination suggests that whilst saltation is the most common particle transport mechanism, suspension and creep also play an important role. As well as inferring transport mechanisms from this combined approach, we also demonstrate how the correlation of the primary volcanic source with the associated remobilised deposits is fundamental to our understanding of the life cycle of volcanic ash. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Dominguez, Lucia. University of Geneva. Department of Earth Sciences; Suiza Fil: Bonadonna, Costanza. University of Geneva. Department of Earth Sciences; Suiza Fil: Forte, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Geologicas; Argentina Fil: Jarvis, Paul Antony. University of Geneva. Department of Earth Sciences; Suiza Fil: Cioni, Raffaello. University of Florence. School of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences. Department of Earth Sciences; Italy Fil: Mingari, Leonardo. Barcelona Supercomputing Center; Spain Fil: Bran, Donaldo Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Panebianco, Juan Esteban. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cietíficas y Técnicas; Argentina 2020-01-15T11:55:36Z 2020-01-15T11:55:36Z 2020-01-14 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6679 2296-6463 (Online) eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Frontiers Media SA Frontier in earth science 7 : 343. (January 2020)
spellingShingle Sismología
Erupciones Volcánicas
Ceniza
Erosión Eólica
Seismology
Volcanic Eruptions
Ashes
Wind Erosion
Vulcanología
Región Patagónica
Cordón Caulle
Remobilisation
Dominguez, Lucia
Bonadonna, Costanza
Forte, Pablo
Jarvis, Paul Antony
Cioni, Raffaello
Mingari, Leonardo
Bran, Donaldo Eduardo
Panebianco, Juan Esteban
Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title_full Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title_fullStr Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title_full_unstemmed Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title_short Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash
title_sort aeolian remobilisation of the 2011 cordon caulle tephra fallout deposit example of an important process in the life cycle of volcanic ash
topic Sismología
Erupciones Volcánicas
Ceniza
Erosión Eólica
Seismology
Volcanic Eruptions
Ashes
Wind Erosion
Vulcanología
Región Patagónica
Cordón Caulle
Remobilisation
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6679
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