Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent i...

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Autores principales: Ruiz, Vanesa, Porta, Natalia Gabriela, Lomonaco, Marina, Trono, Karina Gabriela, Alvarez, Irene
Formato: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Frontiers Media 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6318
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00267
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author Ruiz, Vanesa
Porta, Natalia Gabriela
Lomonaco, Marina
Trono, Karina Gabriela
Alvarez, Irene
author_browse Alvarez, Irene
Lomonaco, Marina
Porta, Natalia Gabriela
Ruiz, Vanesa
Trono, Karina Gabriela
author_facet Ruiz, Vanesa
Porta, Natalia Gabriela
Lomonaco, Marina
Trono, Karina Gabriela
Alvarez, Irene
author_sort Ruiz, Vanesa
collection INTA Digital
description Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
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spelling INTA63182024-04-15T11:26:27Z Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures Ruiz, Vanesa Porta, Natalia Gabriela Lomonaco, Marina Trono, Karina Gabriela Alvarez, Irene Bovine Leukaemia Virus Newborn Animals Colostrum Milk Dairy Farms Risk Factors Calves Virus Leucemia Bovina Animal Recién Nacido Calostro Leche Granjas Lecheras Factores de Riesgo Ternero Proviral Load Carga Proviral Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds. Instituto de Virología Fil: Ruiz, Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Porta, Natalia Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Lomonaco, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Irene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina 2019-11-11T17:58:28Z 2019-11-11T17:58:28Z 2018-10 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6318 2297-1769 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00267 eng info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNSA/1115054/AR./Enfermedades parasitarias, infecciosas y tóxico metabólicas que afectan la productividad de los bóvidos para producción de carne y leche. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Frontiers Media Frontiers in veterinary science 5 : 267. (Octubre 2018)
spellingShingle Bovine Leukaemia Virus
Newborn Animals
Colostrum
Milk
Dairy Farms
Risk Factors
Calves
Virus Leucemia Bovina
Animal Recién Nacido
Calostro
Leche
Granjas Lecheras
Factores de Riesgo
Ternero
Proviral Load
Carga Proviral
Ruiz, Vanesa
Porta, Natalia Gabriela
Lomonaco, Marina
Trono, Karina Gabriela
Alvarez, Irene
Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title_full Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title_fullStr Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title_full_unstemmed Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title_short Bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves. Risk factors and control measures
title_sort bovine leukemia virus infection in neonatal calves risk factors and control measures
topic Bovine Leukaemia Virus
Newborn Animals
Colostrum
Milk
Dairy Farms
Risk Factors
Calves
Virus Leucemia Bovina
Animal Recién Nacido
Calostro
Leche
Granjas Lecheras
Factores de Riesgo
Ternero
Proviral Load
Carga Proviral
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/6318
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00267
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