Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2019
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224 |
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| author | Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
| author_browse | Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
| author_facet | Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
| author_sort | Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss
(SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation
we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied. |
| format | Artículo |
| id | INTA5125 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
| publisherStr | John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA51252019-06-10T18:39:52Z Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Holanda Fil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda 2019-05-16T11:36:34Z 2019-05-16T11:36:34Z 2015-03 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224 1365-2389 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf John Wiley & Sons Ltd European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015) |
| spellingShingle | Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title | Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title_full | Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title_fullStr | Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title_short | Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| title_sort | estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
| topic | Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224 |
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