Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops
After the introduction of Bt-maize, late sowing is becoming an important strategy to stabilize yields in many areas of the Argentine Pampas. Increased nitrogen (N) availability and sharp reduction in radiation and temperature during grain filling period are dominant features of late-sown maize. Depl...
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| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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2018
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429014002305 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/3503 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.005 |
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| author | Caviglia, Octavio Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Sadras, Victor Oscar |
| author_browse | Caviglia, Octavio Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Sadras, Victor Oscar |
| author_facet | Caviglia, Octavio Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Sadras, Victor Oscar |
| author_sort | Caviglia, Octavio |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | After the introduction of Bt-maize, late sowing is becoming an important strategy to stabilize yields in many areas of the Argentine Pampas. Increased nitrogen (N) availability and sharp reduction in radiation and temperature during grain filling period are dominant features of late-sown maize. Deployment of late sowing therefore requires a better understanding of the nitrogen economy of the crop in a deteriorating photothermal environment. Our aims were to: (i) evaluate the effect of late sowing on the components of maize nitrogen utilization efficiency, i.e. grain yield per unit of N uptake, (ii) assess the interactions among sowing date, hybrid and N rate on N economy, (iii) study the links between biomass and N accumulation and partitioning involved in nitrogen utilization efficiency in late sown maize. Two irrigated experiments were conducted in Paraná, Argentina (−31°50; −60°31; 110 m.a.s.l) during two consecutive seasons. Treatments included the factorial combination of two hybrids with low (DK752MG) and high (DK682MG) harvest index (HI), two rates of N fertilization (0 and 200 kg N ha−1) and two contrasting sowing dates (September and December). Grain yield, shoot biomass, N concentration in grain, stover and biomass were measured. From these measurements we calculated N uptake, N accumulated in stover and grain and, N utilization efficiency for yield (NutEY) and biomass (NutEB) production as the ratio between yield or biomass and N uptake. A nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) was calculated to compare treatments at a similar N status. Late sowing increased soil N availability, hence reducing the response to N fertilization in comparison to traditional sowing, i.e. there were significant interactions between sowing date and N rate for most traits. The NNI accounting for the allometry of nitrogen and biomass proved to be an effective procedure in interpreting these interactions. The increase in N status reduced the NutEB, although at an equivalent NNI it was higher in traditional than in late sowing, which reflects the lower crop ability to use nitrogen in producing biomass when constrained by late growth. The hybrid DK682MG, showed more ability than DK752MG to allocate both biomass and N to grain in late sowing, as reflected by the higher HI and NHI as well as the lower amount of N accumulated in stover. Overall, our results support adaptive practices for late-sown maize in the Northern Pampas, including the use of hybrids with high partitioning of N and biomass to grain as well as the use of more conservative N fertilizer rates. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA3503 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA35032018-09-28T13:25:46Z Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops Caviglia, Octavio Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Sadras, Victor Oscar Maíz Siembra Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Indice de Cosecha Maize Sowing Nitrogen Sowing Date Harvest Index Siembra Tardía After the introduction of Bt-maize, late sowing is becoming an important strategy to stabilize yields in many areas of the Argentine Pampas. Increased nitrogen (N) availability and sharp reduction in radiation and temperature during grain filling period are dominant features of late-sown maize. Deployment of late sowing therefore requires a better understanding of the nitrogen economy of the crop in a deteriorating photothermal environment. Our aims were to: (i) evaluate the effect of late sowing on the components of maize nitrogen utilization efficiency, i.e. grain yield per unit of N uptake, (ii) assess the interactions among sowing date, hybrid and N rate on N economy, (iii) study the links between biomass and N accumulation and partitioning involved in nitrogen utilization efficiency in late sown maize. Two irrigated experiments were conducted in Paraná, Argentina (−31°50; −60°31; 110 m.a.s.l) during two consecutive seasons. Treatments included the factorial combination of two hybrids with low (DK752MG) and high (DK682MG) harvest index (HI), two rates of N fertilization (0 and 200 kg N ha−1) and two contrasting sowing dates (September and December). Grain yield, shoot biomass, N concentration in grain, stover and biomass were measured. From these measurements we calculated N uptake, N accumulated in stover and grain and, N utilization efficiency for yield (NutEY) and biomass (NutEB) production as the ratio between yield or biomass and N uptake. A nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) was calculated to compare treatments at a similar N status. Late sowing increased soil N availability, hence reducing the response to N fertilization in comparison to traditional sowing, i.e. there were significant interactions between sowing date and N rate for most traits. The NNI accounting for the allometry of nitrogen and biomass proved to be an effective procedure in interpreting these interactions. The increase in N status reduced the NutEB, although at an equivalent NNI it was higher in traditional than in late sowing, which reflects the lower crop ability to use nitrogen in producing biomass when constrained by late growth. The hybrid DK682MG, showed more ability than DK752MG to allocate both biomass and N to grain in late sowing, as reflected by the higher HI and NHI as well as the lower amount of N accumulated in stover. Overall, our results support adaptive practices for late-sown maize in the Northern Pampas, including the use of hybrids with high partitioning of N and biomass to grain as well as the use of more conservative N fertilizer rates. EEA Paraná Fil: Caviglia, Octavio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina Fil: Melchiori, Ricardo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina Fil: Sadras, Victor Oscar. South Australian Research & Development Institute; Australia 2018-09-28T13:24:04Z 2018-09-28T13:24:04Z 2014-11 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429014002305 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/3503 0378-4290 1872-6852 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.005 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Field Crops Research 168 : 27-37 (November 2014) |
| spellingShingle | Maíz Siembra Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Indice de Cosecha Maize Sowing Nitrogen Sowing Date Harvest Index Siembra Tardía Caviglia, Octavio Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Sadras, Victor Oscar Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title | Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title_full | Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title_short | Nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and N rate in late-sown crops |
| title_sort | nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize as affected by hybrid and n rate in late sown crops |
| topic | Maíz Siembra Nitrógeno Fecha de Siembra Indice de Cosecha Maize Sowing Nitrogen Sowing Date Harvest Index Siembra Tardía |
| url | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429014002305 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/3503 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.005 |
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