Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agricultural soils represent a major environmental concern and require sustainable nitrogen (N) management strategies. The timing of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) termination was investigated to improve N synchronization and to assess its potential to replac...

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Main Authors: Cafaro La Menza, Francisco, Lewczuk, Nuria, Echarte, Laura, Barbieri, Pablo, Carciochi, Walter Daniel
Format: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109868
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author Cafaro La Menza, Francisco
Lewczuk, Nuria
Echarte, Laura
Barbieri, Pablo
Carciochi, Walter Daniel
author_browse Barbieri, Pablo
Cafaro La Menza, Francisco
Carciochi, Walter Daniel
Echarte, Laura
Lewczuk, Nuria
author_facet Cafaro La Menza, Francisco
Lewczuk, Nuria
Echarte, Laura
Barbieri, Pablo
Carciochi, Walter Daniel
author_sort Cafaro La Menza, Francisco
collection INTA Digital
description Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agricultural soils represent a major environmental concern and require sustainable nitrogen (N) management strategies. The timing of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) termination was investigated to improve N synchronization and to assess its potential to replace fallow as an alternative N source for maize (Zea mays L.) without increasing N2O emissions compared to urea, while maintaining productivity. An experiment was conducted over two seasons to assess N2O emissions (43 measurements per season) and soil N dynamics in fallow/maize and vetch/maize sequences with two termination timings. Cumulative N₂O emissions in vetch/maize sequence ranged from 0.59 to 1.77 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ , while in fallow/maize ranged from 0.55 to 1.18 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ . Nitrogen fertilization increased emissions by 4.5–17.6 %, while the use of vetch before maize increased them by 9.6–48.5 % compared to fallow/maize sequence. Reducing the interval between vetch termination and maize sowing from ~31 days (early termination) to ~10 days (late termination) improved N synchronization by 13 %. Late vetch termination and N-fertilized fallow showed similar N₂O emissions, with improved synchronization reducing emissions by 13–21 % compared to early termination. Regression trees identified soil temperature, ammonium, and water-filled pore space (WFPS) as key drivers of N₂O emissions during the fallow or vetch period, whereas nitrate and WFPS became the dominant factors during the maize season. Furthermore, the first emission factors for hairy vetch (< 0.17 %) were reported, which were significantly lower than the IPCC default (1 %). These findings offer critical insights into refining greenhouse gas inventories and optimizing vetch management to reduce emissions while maintaining or enhancing maize productivity.
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institution Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina)
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spelling INTA250142026-01-21T13:34:05Z Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization Cafaro La Menza, Francisco Lewczuk, Nuria Echarte, Laura Barbieri, Pablo Carciochi, Walter Daniel Nitrous Oxide Crop Management Cover Plants Óxido Nitroso Manejo del Cultivo Vicia villosa Planta de Cobertura Nitrogen Fertilization Fertilización Nitrogenada Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agricultural soils represent a major environmental concern and require sustainable nitrogen (N) management strategies. The timing of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) termination was investigated to improve N synchronization and to assess its potential to replace fallow as an alternative N source for maize (Zea mays L.) without increasing N2O emissions compared to urea, while maintaining productivity. An experiment was conducted over two seasons to assess N2O emissions (43 measurements per season) and soil N dynamics in fallow/maize and vetch/maize sequences with two termination timings. Cumulative N₂O emissions in vetch/maize sequence ranged from 0.59 to 1.77 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ , while in fallow/maize ranged from 0.55 to 1.18 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ . Nitrogen fertilization increased emissions by 4.5–17.6 %, while the use of vetch before maize increased them by 9.6–48.5 % compared to fallow/maize sequence. Reducing the interval between vetch termination and maize sowing from ~31 days (early termination) to ~10 days (late termination) improved N synchronization by 13 %. Late vetch termination and N-fertilized fallow showed similar N₂O emissions, with improved synchronization reducing emissions by 13–21 % compared to early termination. Regression trees identified soil temperature, ammonium, and water-filled pore space (WFPS) as key drivers of N₂O emissions during the fallow or vetch period, whereas nitrate and WFPS became the dominant factors during the maize season. Furthermore, the first emission factors for hairy vetch (< 0.17 %) were reported, which were significantly lower than the IPCC default (1 %). These findings offer critical insights into refining greenhouse gas inventories and optimizing vetch management to reduce emissions while maintaining or enhancing maize productivity. EEA Balcarce Fil: Cafaro La Menza, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina Fil: Cafaro La Menza, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina Fil: Lewczuk, Nuria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Echarte, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Echarte, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina Fil: Echarte, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina Fil: Barbieri, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Barbieri, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina Fil: Carciochi, Walter Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina Fil: Carciochi, Walter Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina 2026-01-21T13:30:46Z 2026-01-21T13:30:46Z 2025-07 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25014 0167-8809 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109868 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Elsevier Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 394: 109868 (2025)
spellingShingle Nitrous Oxide
Crop Management
Cover Plants
Óxido Nitroso
Manejo del Cultivo
Vicia villosa
Planta de Cobertura
Nitrogen Fertilization
Fertilización Nitrogenada
Cafaro La Menza, Francisco
Lewczuk, Nuria
Echarte, Laura
Barbieri, Pablo
Carciochi, Walter Daniel
Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title_full Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title_fullStr Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title_full_unstemmed Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title_short Nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch-maize sequences: The role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
title_sort nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors in hairy vetch maize sequences the role of vetch termination timing on nitrogen synchronization
topic Nitrous Oxide
Crop Management
Cover Plants
Óxido Nitroso
Manejo del Cultivo
Vicia villosa
Planta de Cobertura
Nitrogen Fertilization
Fertilización Nitrogenada
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109868
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