Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake

The aims of this work were to evaluate the relevance of the tick attachment site on the host’s body in the fluazuron (FZN) uptake by ticks through direct contact, characterizing the early distribution of the drug through the skin and adipose tissue of different anatomical regions. Additionally, char...

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Main Authors: Sarli, Macarena, Rossner, Maria Victoria, Miró, María Victoria, Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo, Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel, Cabaña, Norma Elía, Nava, Santiago, Lifschitz, Adrian Luis
Format: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22858
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401725001426
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110531
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author Sarli, Macarena
Rossner, Maria Victoria
Miró, María Victoria
Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo
Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel
Cabaña, Norma Elía
Nava, Santiago
Lifschitz, Adrian Luis
author_browse Cabaña, Norma Elía
Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo
Lifschitz, Adrian Luis
Miró, María Victoria
Nava, Santiago
Rossner, Maria Victoria
Sarli, Macarena
Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel
author_facet Sarli, Macarena
Rossner, Maria Victoria
Miró, María Victoria
Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo
Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel
Cabaña, Norma Elía
Nava, Santiago
Lifschitz, Adrian Luis
author_sort Sarli, Macarena
collection INTA Digital
description The aims of this work were to evaluate the relevance of the tick attachment site on the host’s body in the fluazuron (FZN) uptake by ticks through direct contact, characterizing the early distribution of the drug through the skin and adipose tissue of different anatomical regions. Additionally, characterize how the systemic exposure (plasma availability) of FZN affects its efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus. Five heifers were experimentally infested with R. microplus larvae and topically treated with FZN. Ticks exposed (TE) to direct topical contact with the drug—either in the dorsal (DTE) or ventral (VTE) areas of each heifer's body—or not exposed (TNE), were collected at 12 and 24 h post-treatment (PT). Skin and adipose tissue biopsies were taken at 12 h, 1 day and 10 days PT. Fluazuron concentrations in plasma, tissues and ticks were measured HPLC. Tick counts were performed from day 0 to day 38 PT. Mean FZN concentrations were similar in DTE and VTE and significantly higher than in TNE at 24 h PT. Dorsal and ventral skin samples showed comparable FZN levels. The area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC)₀₋₃₁ ranged from 589 to 1276 ng⋅d/mL. A negative correlation was observed between FZN plasma AUC3–17 and tick counts at day 17 PT. Results confirm that FZN is absorbed through the tick’s integument by direct contact independently of the attachment site. Fluazuron plasma concentrations of 20–25 ng/mL appear necessary to achieve optimal efficacy. Inter-animal variability in FZN exposure after topical application affects treatment efficacy against cattle ticks.
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institution Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina)
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spelling INTA228582025-07-02T12:32:31Z Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake Sarli, Macarena Rossner, Maria Victoria Miró, María Victoria Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel Cabaña, Norma Elía Nava, Santiago Lifschitz, Adrian Luis Rhipicephalus Sistema de Administración de Drogas Biodisponibilidad Aplicación Local Ganado Bovino Garrapata Drug Delivery Systems Bioavailability Topical Application Cattle Ticks Rhipicephalus microplus Fluazuron The aims of this work were to evaluate the relevance of the tick attachment site on the host’s body in the fluazuron (FZN) uptake by ticks through direct contact, characterizing the early distribution of the drug through the skin and adipose tissue of different anatomical regions. Additionally, characterize how the systemic exposure (plasma availability) of FZN affects its efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus. Five heifers were experimentally infested with R. microplus larvae and topically treated with FZN. Ticks exposed (TE) to direct topical contact with the drug—either in the dorsal (DTE) or ventral (VTE) areas of each heifer's body—or not exposed (TNE), were collected at 12 and 24 h post-treatment (PT). Skin and adipose tissue biopsies were taken at 12 h, 1 day and 10 days PT. Fluazuron concentrations in plasma, tissues and ticks were measured HPLC. Tick counts were performed from day 0 to day 38 PT. Mean FZN concentrations were similar in DTE and VTE and significantly higher than in TNE at 24 h PT. Dorsal and ventral skin samples showed comparable FZN levels. The area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC)₀₋₃₁ ranged from 589 to 1276 ng⋅d/mL. A negative correlation was observed between FZN plasma AUC3–17 and tick counts at day 17 PT. Results confirm that FZN is absorbed through the tick’s integument by direct contact independently of the attachment site. Fluazuron plasma concentrations of 20–25 ng/mL appear necessary to achieve optimal efficacy. Inter-animal variability in FZN exposure after topical application affects treatment efficacy against cattle ticks. Asociación Cooperadora INTA Rafaela. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT-2021–0278). Agencia Santafesina de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PEICID-2022–049). Secretaría de Innovación, Ciencia y Tecnología (Proyectos de Redes Federales de Alto Impacto: REDGARR 100390265) EEA Rafaela Fil: Sarli, Macarena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL); Argentina Fil: Sarli, Macarena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL); Argentina Fil: Rossner, Maria Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benitez; Argentina Fil: Miró, Maria Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Fil: Miró, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Argentina Fil: Lanusse, Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Fil: Lanusse, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Tandil; Argentina Fil: Segovia Stefani, Lautaro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez; Argentina Fil: Cabaña, Norma Elía. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez; Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL); Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL); Argentina Fil: Lifschitz, Adrian. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Laboratorio de Farmacología; Argentina. Fil: Lifschitz, Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Argentina 2025-07-02T12:21:52Z 2025-07-02T12:21:52Z 2025-06 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22858 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401725001426 0304-4017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110531 eng info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2023-PE-L01-I044, Enfermedades subtropicales con impacto sobre la producción, salud pública y sustentabilidad en la ganadería del norte de Argentina info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Elsevier Veterinary Parasitology 338 : 110531 (August 2025)
spellingShingle Rhipicephalus
Sistema de Administración de Drogas
Biodisponibilidad
Aplicación Local
Ganado Bovino
Garrapata
Drug Delivery Systems
Bioavailability
Topical Application
Cattle
Ticks
Rhipicephalus microplus
Fluazuron
Sarli, Macarena
Rossner, Maria Victoria
Miró, María Victoria
Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo
Segovia Stefani, Lautaro Ezequiel
Cabaña, Norma Elía
Nava, Santiago
Lifschitz, Adrian Luis
Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title_full Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title_fullStr Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title_full_unstemmed Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title_short Fluazuron efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle: Systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
title_sort fluazuron efficacy against rhipicephalus microplus acari ixodidae in cattle systemic exposure and pattern of tick drug uptake
topic Rhipicephalus
Sistema de Administración de Drogas
Biodisponibilidad
Aplicación Local
Ganado Bovino
Garrapata
Drug Delivery Systems
Bioavailability
Topical Application
Cattle
Ticks
Rhipicephalus microplus
Fluazuron
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22858
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401725001426
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110531
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