Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes
Phytoplasmas of the X-disease group (16SrIII) are economically significant pathogens in South America, causing severe crop losses. Traditional classification based on the 16S rRNA gene has limitations in resolving closely related strains, prompting the exploration of alternative markers. This study...
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
MDPI
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22731 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1170 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051170 |
| _version_ | 1855486999959437312 |
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| author | Alessio, Florencia Ivette Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén Marcone, Carmine Conci, Luis Rogelio Fernandez, Franco Daniel |
| author_browse | Alessio, Florencia Ivette Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén Conci, Luis Rogelio Fernandez, Franco Daniel Marcone, Carmine |
| author_facet | Alessio, Florencia Ivette Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén Marcone, Carmine Conci, Luis Rogelio Fernandez, Franco Daniel |
| author_sort | Alessio, Florencia Ivette |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | Phytoplasmas of the X-disease group (16SrIII) are economically significant pathogens in South America, causing severe crop losses. Traditional classification based on the 16S rRNA gene has limitations in resolving closely related strains, prompting the exploration of alternative markers. This study focuses on the immunodominant membrane proteins imp and idpA, which exhibit high variability and play crucial roles in host–pathogen interactions. Through molecular characterization of imp and idpA genes in 16SrIII subgroups, we identified significant genetic diversity and distinct evolutionary pressures. The imp gene, under positive selection, showed high variability in its hydrophilic extracellular domain, suggesting adaptation to host immune responses. In contrast, idpA exhibited strong negative selection, indicating functional conservation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that imp and idpA provide higher resolution than the 16S rRNA gene, enabling finer differentiation within subgroups. These findings highlight the potential of imp and idpA as complementary markers for phytoplasma classification and diagnostics. |
| format | Artículo |
| id | INTA22731 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| publisherStr | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA227312025-06-19T12:23:08Z Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes Alessio, Florencia Ivette Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén Marcone, Carmine Conci, Luis Rogelio Fernandez, Franco Daniel Phylogeny Selection Phytoplasmas Filogenia Selección Fitoplasmas Membrane Proteins X-disease Imp IdpA Phytoplasmas of the X-disease group (16SrIII) are economically significant pathogens in South America, causing severe crop losses. Traditional classification based on the 16S rRNA gene has limitations in resolving closely related strains, prompting the exploration of alternative markers. This study focuses on the immunodominant membrane proteins imp and idpA, which exhibit high variability and play crucial roles in host–pathogen interactions. Through molecular characterization of imp and idpA genes in 16SrIII subgroups, we identified significant genetic diversity and distinct evolutionary pressures. The imp gene, under positive selection, showed high variability in its hydrophilic extracellular domain, suggesting adaptation to host immune responses. In contrast, idpA exhibited strong negative selection, indicating functional conservation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that imp and idpA provide higher resolution than the 16S rRNA gene, enabling finer differentiation within subgroups. These findings highlight the potential of imp and idpA as complementary markers for phytoplasma classification and diagnostics. Instituto de Patología Vegetal Fil: Alessio, Florencia Ivette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Alessio, Florencia Ivette. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Marcone, Carmine. University of Salerno. Department of Pharmacy; Italia Fil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina 2025-06-19T12:15:52Z 2025-06-19T12:15:52Z 2025-05-21 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22731 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1170 2076-2607 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051170 eng info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E4-I085-001, Determinación de los mecanismos de resistencia a enfermedades mediante la caracterización de las interacciones moleculares en sistemas planta-patógeno info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E4-I081-001, Generación de reactivos, desarrollo de metodologías, validación y acreditación de ensayos para el diagnóstico de patógenos vegetales info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2023-PE-L06-I090, Desarrollo de tecnologías para la innovación inclusiva en mecanización, energías renovables y mejoramiento del hábitat para la Agricultura Familiar Campesina e Indígena info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf MDPI Microorganisms 13 (5) : 1170 (May 2025) |
| spellingShingle | Phylogeny Selection Phytoplasmas Filogenia Selección Fitoplasmas Membrane Proteins X-disease Imp IdpA Alessio, Florencia Ivette Bongiorno, Vanina Aylén Marcone, Carmine Conci, Luis Rogelio Fernandez, Franco Daniel Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title | Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity in Phytoplasmas from X-Disease Group Based in Analysis of idpA and imp Genes |
| title_sort | genetic diversity in phytoplasmas from x disease group based in analysis of idpa and imp genes |
| topic | Phylogeny Selection Phytoplasmas Filogenia Selección Fitoplasmas Membrane Proteins X-disease Imp IdpA |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22731 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1170 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051170 |
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