Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), the causative agent of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), presents a significant threat to equine populations worldwide. While local EIAV prevalence has been estimated in several studies, no global prevalence has been determined. Thus, this study aimed to review t...

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Autores principales: Thieulent, Côme J., Carossino, Mariano, Reis, Jenner K.P.D., Vissani, Maria Aldana, Barrandeguy, Maria Edith, Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos, Balasuriya, Udeni B.R.
Formato: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2025
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22459
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811352500183X
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110548
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author Thieulent, Côme J.
Carossino, Mariano
Reis, Jenner K.P.D.
Vissani, Maria Aldana
Barrandeguy, Maria Edith
Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos
Balasuriya, Udeni B.R.
author_browse Balasuriya, Udeni B.R.
Barrandeguy, Maria Edith
Carossino, Mariano
Reis, Jenner K.P.D.
Thieulent, Côme J.
Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos
Vissani, Maria Aldana
author_facet Thieulent, Côme J.
Carossino, Mariano
Reis, Jenner K.P.D.
Vissani, Maria Aldana
Barrandeguy, Maria Edith
Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos
Balasuriya, Udeni B.R.
author_sort Thieulent, Côme J.
collection INTA Digital
description Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), the causative agent of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), presents a significant threat to equine populations worldwide. While local EIAV prevalence has been estimated in several studies, no global prevalence has been determined. Thus, this study aimed to review the literature on EIAV prevalence in the 21st century. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciELO.org, African Journals Online, and NZresearch.org, yielding 105 articles published between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2024 (spanning 24 years). EIAV prevalence was estimated in 42 countries and is particularly high in Mexico (North America; 27.14 % [95 % CI, 25.11 – 29.17]) and Guatemala (Central America; 15.9 % [95 % CI, 9.66 – 22.14]). While EIAV prevalence in the United States of America (USA) remains low and stable over time, the relatively elevated prevalence in the Southern states, along with their extensive border with Mexico, places these areas at a higher risk. EIAV prevalence estimated per province/state in the USA, Argentina, and Brazil, indicated higher rates in humid and warmer regions. EIAV has a low presence in the Middle East, while the scarcity of epidemiological studies in Africa and Oceania complicates the estimation of EIAV prevalence in these regions. These findings highlight the need for continued intensive surveillance in both high-risk regions and areas lacking data. Given that insect vectors are the primary natural transmission route, global warming may lead to increased vector movement into temperate areas, potentially contributing to a surge in EIAV infections.
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spelling INTA224592025-05-27T13:53:22Z Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications Thieulent, Côme J. Carossino, Mariano Reis, Jenner K.P.D. Vissani, Maria Aldana Barrandeguy, Maria Edith Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos Balasuriya, Udeni B.R. Equine Infectious Anaemia Lentivirus Literature Reviews Anemia Infecciosa Equina Estudio Bibliográfico Prevalence Prevalencia Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), the causative agent of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), presents a significant threat to equine populations worldwide. While local EIAV prevalence has been estimated in several studies, no global prevalence has been determined. Thus, this study aimed to review the literature on EIAV prevalence in the 21st century. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciELO.org, African Journals Online, and NZresearch.org, yielding 105 articles published between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2024 (spanning 24 years). EIAV prevalence was estimated in 42 countries and is particularly high in Mexico (North America; 27.14 % [95 % CI, 25.11 – 29.17]) and Guatemala (Central America; 15.9 % [95 % CI, 9.66 – 22.14]). While EIAV prevalence in the United States of America (USA) remains low and stable over time, the relatively elevated prevalence in the Southern states, along with their extensive border with Mexico, places these areas at a higher risk. EIAV prevalence estimated per province/state in the USA, Argentina, and Brazil, indicated higher rates in humid and warmer regions. EIAV has a low presence in the Middle East, while the scarcity of epidemiological studies in Africa and Oceania complicates the estimation of EIAV prevalence in these regions. These findings highlight the need for continued intensive surveillance in both high-risk regions and areas lacking data. Given that insect vectors are the primary natural transmission route, global warming may lead to increased vector movement into temperate areas, potentially contributing to a surge in EIAV infections. Instituto de Virología Fil: Thieulent, Côme J. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Carossino, Mariano. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Carossino, Mariano. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Reis, Jenner K. P. D. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinaria. Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva. Laboratorio de Retroviroses; Brasil Fil: Vissani, Maria Aldana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Vissani, Maria Aldana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vissani, Maria Aldana. Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias. Escuela de Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Barrandeguy, Maria Edith. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA). Estación Experimental La Estanzuela. Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal; Uruguay Fil: Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos. ANSES Animal Health Laboratory; Francia Fil: Balasuriya, Udeni B. R. Louisiana State University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Estados Unidos 2025-05-27T13:47:57Z 2025-05-27T13:47:57Z 2025-07 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22459 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811352500183X 0378-1135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110548 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Elsevier Veterinary Microbiology 306 : 110548 (July 2025)
spellingShingle Equine Infectious Anaemia
Lentivirus
Literature Reviews
Anemia Infecciosa Equina
Estudio Bibliográfico
Prevalence
Prevalencia
Thieulent, Côme J.
Carossino, Mariano
Reis, Jenner K.P.D.
Vissani, Maria Aldana
Barrandeguy, Maria Edith
Valle-Casuso, José-Carlos
Balasuriya, Udeni B.R.
Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title_full Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title_fullStr Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title_full_unstemmed Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title_short Equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence : A 24-year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far-reaching implications
title_sort equine infectious anemia virus worldwide prevalence a 24 year retrospective review of a global equine health concern with far reaching implications
topic Equine Infectious Anaemia
Lentivirus
Literature Reviews
Anemia Infecciosa Equina
Estudio Bibliográfico
Prevalence
Prevalencia
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22459
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811352500183X
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110548
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