Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1
The activation of the meristem identity gene VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) is a critical regulatory point in wheat (Triticum spp.) flowering. In photoperiod-sensitive wheat varieties, VRN1 is expressed only under long days (LDs), but mutants carrying deletions in a regulatory element in its promoter show VR...
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| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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2018
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| Online Access: | http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/163/3/1433 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/2106 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.225854 |
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| author | Pearce, Stephen Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian Dubcovsky, Jorge |
| author_browse | Dubcovsky, Jorge Pearce, Stephen Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian |
| author_facet | Pearce, Stephen Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian Dubcovsky, Jorge |
| author_sort | Pearce, Stephen |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | The activation of the meristem identity gene VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) is a critical regulatory point in wheat (Triticum spp.) flowering. In photoperiod-sensitive wheat varieties, VRN1 is expressed only under long days (LDs), but mutants carrying deletions in a regulatory element in its promoter show VRN1 transcription and early spike development under short days (SDs). However, complete spike development is delayed until plants are transferred to LDs, indicating the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism dependent on LDs. We show here that exogenous gibberellin (GA) application accelerates spike development under SDs, but only in wheat lines expressing VRN1. The simultaneous presence of GA and VRN1 results in the up-regulation of the floral meristem identity genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY, whereas inhibition of GA biosynthesis with paclobutrazol precludes the LD induction of these two genes. The inductive role of GA on wheat flowering is further supported by the up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices of plants transferred from SDs to LDs and in photoperiod-insensitive and transgenic wheat plants with increased FLOWERING LOCUS T transcription under SDs. The up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes was not observed in the leaves of the same genetic stocks. Based on these observations, we propose a model in which FLOWERING LOCUS T is up-regulated in the leaves under LDs and is then transported to the shoot apical meristem, where it simultaneously induces the expression of VRN1 and GA biosynthetic genes, which are both required for the up-regulation of the early floral meristem genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY and the timely development of the wheat spike. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA2106 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA21062018-07-04T12:05:53Z Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 Pearce, Stephen Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian Dubcovsky, Jorge Trigo Giberelinas Vernalización Floración Inducida Etapas de Desarrollo de la Planta Wheat Gibberellins Vernalization Induced Flowering Plant Developmental Stages The activation of the meristem identity gene VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) is a critical regulatory point in wheat (Triticum spp.) flowering. In photoperiod-sensitive wheat varieties, VRN1 is expressed only under long days (LDs), but mutants carrying deletions in a regulatory element in its promoter show VRN1 transcription and early spike development under short days (SDs). However, complete spike development is delayed until plants are transferred to LDs, indicating the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism dependent on LDs. We show here that exogenous gibberellin (GA) application accelerates spike development under SDs, but only in wheat lines expressing VRN1. The simultaneous presence of GA and VRN1 results in the up-regulation of the floral meristem identity genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY, whereas inhibition of GA biosynthesis with paclobutrazol precludes the LD induction of these two genes. The inductive role of GA on wheat flowering is further supported by the up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes in the apices of plants transferred from SDs to LDs and in photoperiod-insensitive and transgenic wheat plants with increased FLOWERING LOCUS T transcription under SDs. The up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes was not observed in the leaves of the same genetic stocks. Based on these observations, we propose a model in which FLOWERING LOCUS T is up-regulated in the leaves under LDs and is then transported to the shoot apical meristem, where it simultaneously induces the expression of VRN1 and GA biosynthetic genes, which are both required for the up-regulation of the early floral meristem genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1-1 and LEAFY and the timely development of the wheat spike. EEA Marcos Juárez Fil: Pearce, Stephen. University of California. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo Biotecnología y Recursos Genéticos; Argentina Fil: Dubcovsky, Jorge. University of California. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados Unidos. Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Estados Unidos 2018-03-23T15:10:01Z 2018-03-23T15:10:01Z 2013-11 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/163/3/1433 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/2106 0032-0889 1532-2548 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.225854 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/pdf Plant physiology 163 : 1433–1445. (November 2013) |
| spellingShingle | Trigo Giberelinas Vernalización Floración Inducida Etapas de Desarrollo de la Planta Wheat Gibberellins Vernalization Induced Flowering Plant Developmental Stages Pearce, Stephen Vanzetti, Leonardo Sebastian Dubcovsky, Jorge Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title | Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title_full | Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title_fullStr | Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title_short | Exogenous Gibberellins Induce Wheat Spike Development under Short Days Only in the Presence of VERNALIZATION1 |
| title_sort | exogenous gibberellins induce wheat spike development under short days only in the presence of vernalization1 |
| topic | Trigo Giberelinas Vernalización Floración Inducida Etapas de Desarrollo de la Planta Wheat Gibberellins Vernalization Induced Flowering Plant Developmental Stages |
| url | http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/163/3/1433 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/2106 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.225854 |
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