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The Lambda Variant in Argentina: Analyzing the Evolution and Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage C.37

The second wave of COVID-19 occurred in South America in early 2021 and was mainly driven by Gamma and Lambda variants. In this study, we aimed to describe the emergence and local genomic diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Argentina, from its initial entry into the country until its detec...

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Autores principales: Nabaes Jodar, Mercedes Soledad, Torres, Carolina, Mojsiejczuk, Laura, Acuña, Dolores, Valinotto, Laura Elena, Goya, Stephanie, Natale, Monica, Lusso, Silvina, Alexay, Sofia, Amadio, Ariel, Irazoqui, Jose Matias, Fernandez, Franco Daniel, Acevedo, Maria Elina, Alvarez Lopez, Cristina, Angelletti, Andres, Aulicino, Paula, Bolatti, Elisa, Brusés, Bettina, Cacciabue, Marco Polo Domingo, Cavatorta, Ana, Cerri, Agustina, Cordero, Andres, Debat, Humberto Julio, Dus Santos, Maria Jose, Eberhardt, María Florencia, Ercole, Regina, Espul, Carlos, Farber, Marisa Diana, Fay, Fabián, Fernandez, Ailen, Ferrini, Florencia, Formichelli, Laura, Ceballos, Santiago, Gallego, Fernando, Giri, Adriana, Gismondi, Maria Ines, Acevedo, Raúl Maximiliano, Gramundi, Ivan, Ibañez, María Eugenia, Konig, Guido Alberto, Leiva, Viviana, Lorenzini Campos, Melina, Lucero, Horacio, Marquez, Nathalie, Mazzeo, Melina, Mistchenko, Alicia Susana, Montoto, Luciana, Muñoz Hidalgo, Marianne Graziel, Nadalich, Victoria, Nardi, Cristina, Ortiz, Belén, Pianciola, Luis, Pintos, Carolina, Puebla, Andrea Fabiana, Rastellini, Carolina, Rojas, Alejandro Ezequiel, Sfalcin, Javier, Suarez, Ariel, Theaux, Clara, Thomas, Guillermo, Tittarelli, Estefania, Toro, Rosana, Villanova, Vanina, Wenk, Gretel, Ziehm, Cecilia, Zimmermann, Maria Carla, Zunino, Sebastian, Proyecto PAIS, Viegas, Mariana
Formato: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Variants
South America
Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave 2
Variantes
América del Sur
Argentina
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Lambda
Phylodynamic
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/15624
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/6/1382
https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061382
Sumario:The second wave of COVID-19 occurred in South America in early 2021 and was mainly driven by Gamma and Lambda variants. In this study, we aimed to describe the emergence and local genomic diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Argentina, from its initial entry into the country until its detection ceased. Molecular surveillance was conducted on 9356 samples from Argentina between October 2020 and April 2022, and sequencing, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. Our findings revealed that the Lambda variant was first detected in Argentina in January 2021 and steadily increased in frequency until it peaked in April 2021, with continued detection throughout the year. Phylodynamic analyses showed that at least 18 introductions of the Lambda variant into the country occurred, with nine of them having evidence of onward local transmission. The spatial–-temporal reconstruction showed that Argentine clades were associated with Lambda sequences from Latin America and suggested an initial diversification in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires before spreading to other regions in Argentina. Genetic analyses of genome sequences allowed us to describe the mutational patterns of the Argentine Lambda sequences and detect the emergence of rare mutations in an immunocompromised patient.

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