Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields
Context: Uneven crop stands result from natural variation in emergence time that is related to soil moisture and temperature, and variation of within-row plant-to-plant distance caused during planting operations. Understanding the effect of the spatial and temporal variation of plant emergence on cr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| Language: | Inglés |
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Elsevier
2023
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/15217 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429023002836 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109090 |
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| author | Albarenque, Susana Basso, Bruno Davidson, O. Maestrini, B. Melchiori, Ricardo Jose |
| author_browse | Albarenque, Susana Basso, Bruno Davidson, O. Maestrini, B. Melchiori, Ricardo Jose |
| author_facet | Albarenque, Susana Basso, Bruno Davidson, O. Maestrini, B. Melchiori, Ricardo Jose |
| author_sort | Albarenque, Susana |
| collection | INTA Digital |
| description | Context: Uneven crop stands result from natural variation in emergence time that is related to soil moisture and temperature, and variation of within-row plant-to-plant distance caused during planting operations. Understanding the effect of the spatial and temporal variation of plant emergence on crop yield can help farmers make improved management decisions about planting.
Objective: The objectives of this work were to i) compare the timing of maize plant emergence across and within sub-field yield stability zones, ii) evaluate the impact of delayed emergence on crop yield and yield components by yield stability zone, and iii) compare the effect of spatial and temporal variability of plant emergence on crop yield and yield components.
Methods: Ten experiments were conducted in farmers’ maize fields in Springport (Michigan, US), Portland (Michigan, US), and Parana (Entre Rios, Argentina). Several years of yield monitored data for each field were used to delimitate yield stability zones (YSZ). Individual plant emergence was recorded daily, across yield stability zones. Emerged plants were tagged and the distance between plants within the row was recorded and used to calculate plant growing space (cm2 plant−1), and to classify them within plant stand as uniform, double or skips. Tagged plants were hand harvested to analyze the individual plant yield, number and weight of grains, and total crop yield.
Results: Individual plant emergence time ranged from 3 to 31 days after planting (DAP). The variation in timing of plant emergence had a greater impact than the variation of within-row plant spacing on crop yield and yield components. In general, the impact was larger in stable low yield areas. On average, plant yield was reduced by 7 %, grain number by 6 %, and final crop yield by 8.5 % per day of emergence delay after planting. The greater variation in the days of emergence delay when compared to within-row plant spacing variation can be related to the small overall spatial variability within the rows.
Conclusions: Plant emergence temporal variability had a higher impact than within-row plant spatial variability on crop yield and its components. The decrease in maize yield caused by the delay in emergence was not statistically related to yield stability zones. However, a trend of a more negative impact of delayed emergence in the low yield stability zones was observed.
Implications: Understanding factors affecting the spatial and temporal plant emergence patterns of crops can help farmers optimize their planting operation and may help them with decisions on using more precise and tailored inputs (such as seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer) on different sub-field yield stability zones. Incorporating emergence data and information into crop models will also help improve yield simulation results. |
| format | info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |
| id | INTA15217 |
| institution | Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina) |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INTA152172023-09-14T13:59:19Z Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields Albarenque, Susana Basso, Bruno Davidson, O. Maestrini, B. Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Maíz Despunte de la Plántula Rendimiento Espaciamiento Maize Seedling Emergence Yields Spacing Context: Uneven crop stands result from natural variation in emergence time that is related to soil moisture and temperature, and variation of within-row plant-to-plant distance caused during planting operations. Understanding the effect of the spatial and temporal variation of plant emergence on crop yield can help farmers make improved management decisions about planting. Objective: The objectives of this work were to i) compare the timing of maize plant emergence across and within sub-field yield stability zones, ii) evaluate the impact of delayed emergence on crop yield and yield components by yield stability zone, and iii) compare the effect of spatial and temporal variability of plant emergence on crop yield and yield components. Methods: Ten experiments were conducted in farmers’ maize fields in Springport (Michigan, US), Portland (Michigan, US), and Parana (Entre Rios, Argentina). Several years of yield monitored data for each field were used to delimitate yield stability zones (YSZ). Individual plant emergence was recorded daily, across yield stability zones. Emerged plants were tagged and the distance between plants within the row was recorded and used to calculate plant growing space (cm2 plant−1), and to classify them within plant stand as uniform, double or skips. Tagged plants were hand harvested to analyze the individual plant yield, number and weight of grains, and total crop yield. Results: Individual plant emergence time ranged from 3 to 31 days after planting (DAP). The variation in timing of plant emergence had a greater impact than the variation of within-row plant spacing on crop yield and yield components. In general, the impact was larger in stable low yield areas. On average, plant yield was reduced by 7 %, grain number by 6 %, and final crop yield by 8.5 % per day of emergence delay after planting. The greater variation in the days of emergence delay when compared to within-row plant spacing variation can be related to the small overall spatial variability within the rows. Conclusions: Plant emergence temporal variability had a higher impact than within-row plant spatial variability on crop yield and its components. The decrease in maize yield caused by the delay in emergence was not statistically related to yield stability zones. However, a trend of a more negative impact of delayed emergence in the low yield stability zones was observed. Implications: Understanding factors affecting the spatial and temporal plant emergence patterns of crops can help farmers optimize their planting operation and may help them with decisions on using more precise and tailored inputs (such as seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer) on different sub-field yield stability zones. Incorporating emergence data and information into crop models will also help improve yield simulation results. EEA Paraná Fil: Albarenque, Susana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina Fil: Albarenque, Susana. Michigan State University. Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Basso, Bruno. Michigan State University. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Basso, Bruno. Michigan State University. W.K. Kellogg Biological Station; Estados Unidos Fil: Davidson, O. Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Maestrini, B. Wageningen University & Research. Agrosystems Research Group; Países Bajos Fil: Melchiori, Ricardo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina 2023-09-14T13:55:05Z 2023-09-14T13:55:05Z 2023-10 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/15217 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429023002836 0378-4290 1872-6852 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109090 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf Elsevier Field Crops Research 302 : 109090. (October 2023) |
| spellingShingle | Maíz Despunte de la Plántula Rendimiento Espaciamiento Maize Seedling Emergence Yields Spacing Albarenque, Susana Basso, Bruno Davidson, O. Maestrini, B. Melchiori, Ricardo Jose Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title | Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title_full | Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title_fullStr | Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title_short | Plant emergence and maize (Zea mays L.) yield across multiple farmers’ fields |
| title_sort | plant emergence and maize zea mays l yield across multiple farmers fields |
| topic | Maíz Despunte de la Plántula Rendimiento Espaciamiento Maize Seedling Emergence Yields Spacing |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/15217 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429023002836 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109090 |
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