Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure

Background: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is the leading cause of calf morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Cow’s vaccination in last stage of pregnancy is one of the most important measures to mitigate the risk of NCD outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prepartum sing...

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Main Authors: Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera, Decaris, Nathália, Parreño, Gladys Viviana, Brandão, Paulo Eduardo, Ayres, Henderson, Gomes, Viviani
Format: info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Language:Inglés
Published: BioMed Central 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12708
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5
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author Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera
Decaris, Nathália
Parreño, Gladys Viviana
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
Ayres, Henderson
Gomes, Viviani
author_browse Ayres, Henderson
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
Decaris, Nathália
Gomes, Viviani
Parreño, Gladys Viviana
Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera
author_facet Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera
Decaris, Nathália
Parreño, Gladys Viviana
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
Ayres, Henderson
Gomes, Viviani
author_sort Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera
collection INTA Digital
description Background: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is the leading cause of calf morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Cow’s vaccination in last stage of pregnancy is one of the most important measures to mitigate the risk of NCD outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prepartum single dose vaccination against NCD, especially Bovine Rotavirus type A (BoRVA) and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), in Nelore dams and offspring. A total of 117 pregnant cows (n = 81) and heifers (n = 36) were distributed in two groups, vaccinated (VAC: cows = 40; heifers = 19) and nonvaccinated (NVAC: cows = 41; heifers = 17). Vaccination occurred between 60 to 50 days before the expected calving date with a single dose of a water-in-oil (W/O) vaccine, and NVAC group received a dose of saline solution 0.9%. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 30 days after to evaluate the antibody (Ab) response. Specific IgG1 Abs against BoRVA and BCoV were measured by using an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Calves’ births were monitored, and the transference of passive immunity was evaluated. Diarrhea was monitored in the first 30 days of age, and fecal samples were collected for identification of the etiological agent. Results: Higher titers of IgG1 Ab against BoRVA and BCoV was observed in the VAC group than NVAC group in the cow (P < 0.0001) and total dams categories (P < 0.0001). The titer of specific IgG1 Abs in the calves’ serum reflected the dams response, observing higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA (P < 0.0016) and BCoV (P < 0.0095) in the offspring born to VAC cows and higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA(P < 0.0171) and BCoV (P < 0.0200) in the offspring born to VAC total dams. The general incidence of diarrhea observed was 18.6% (11/59) and 29.3% (17/58) in the calves born to the VAC and NVAC group, respectively. Conclusions: Prepartum vaccination with a single dose of the vaccine tested increased the titers of IgG1 Ab against BCoV and BoRVA, and it could be used as a preventive strategy to decrease the NCD occurrence in Nelore calves.
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institution Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA -Argentina)
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publishDateRange 2022
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spelling INTA127082022-08-29T10:28:57Z Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera Decaris, Nathália Parreño, Gladys Viviana Brandão, Paulo Eduardo Ayres, Henderson Gomes, Viviani Bovine Rotavirus Coronavirinae Calves Vaccination Diarrhoea Chemoprophylaxis Rotavirus bovino Ternero Vacunación Diarrea Profilaxis Química Bovine Coronavirus Coronavirus Bovino Background: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is the leading cause of calf morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Cow’s vaccination in last stage of pregnancy is one of the most important measures to mitigate the risk of NCD outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prepartum single dose vaccination against NCD, especially Bovine Rotavirus type A (BoRVA) and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), in Nelore dams and offspring. A total of 117 pregnant cows (n = 81) and heifers (n = 36) were distributed in two groups, vaccinated (VAC: cows = 40; heifers = 19) and nonvaccinated (NVAC: cows = 41; heifers = 17). Vaccination occurred between 60 to 50 days before the expected calving date with a single dose of a water-in-oil (W/O) vaccine, and NVAC group received a dose of saline solution 0.9%. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 30 days after to evaluate the antibody (Ab) response. Specific IgG1 Abs against BoRVA and BCoV were measured by using an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Calves’ births were monitored, and the transference of passive immunity was evaluated. Diarrhea was monitored in the first 30 days of age, and fecal samples were collected for identification of the etiological agent. Results: Higher titers of IgG1 Ab against BoRVA and BCoV was observed in the VAC group than NVAC group in the cow (P < 0.0001) and total dams categories (P < 0.0001). The titer of specific IgG1 Abs in the calves’ serum reflected the dams response, observing higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA (P < 0.0016) and BCoV (P < 0.0095) in the offspring born to VAC cows and higher IgG1 Ab titers for BoRVA(P < 0.0171) and BCoV (P < 0.0200) in the offspring born to VAC total dams. The general incidence of diarrhea observed was 18.6% (11/59) and 29.3% (17/58) in the calves born to the VAC and NVAC group, respectively. Conclusions: Prepartum vaccination with a single dose of the vaccine tested increased the titers of IgG1 Ab against BCoV and BoRVA, and it could be used as a preventive strategy to decrease the NCD occurrence in Nelore calves. Instituto de Virología Fil: Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera. University of São Paulo. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Internal Medicine; Brasil Fil: Decaris, Nathália. University of São Paulo. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Internal Medicine; Brasil Fil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). INCUINTA. Instituto de Virologia e Innovaciones Tecnologicas; Argentina Fil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Brandão, Paulo Eduardo. University of São Paulo. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of Internal Medicine; Brasil Fil: Ayres, Henderson. MSD Animal Health; Brasil Fil: Gomes, Viviani. University of São Paulo. College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Internal Medicine; Brasil 2022-08-29T10:23:21Z 2022-08-29T10:23:21Z 2022-08 info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12708 https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5 1746-6148 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5 eng info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/AR./Desarrollo de vacunas y tecnologías para mejorar las estrategias profilácticas y terapéuticas de las enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud pública info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) application/pdf BioMed Central BMC Veterinary Research 18 : 323 (Agosto 2022)
spellingShingle Bovine Rotavirus
Coronavirinae
Calves
Vaccination
Diarrhoea
Chemoprophylaxis
Rotavirus bovino
Ternero
Vacunación
Diarrea
Profilaxis Química
Bovine Coronavirus
Coronavirus Bovino
Pinheiro, Filipe Aguera
Decaris, Nathália
Parreño, Gladys Viviana
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
Ayres, Henderson
Gomes, Viviani
Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title_full Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title_fullStr Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title_short Efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in Nelore dams as a prevention measure
title_sort efficacy of prepartum vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhea in nelore dams as a prevention measure
topic Bovine Rotavirus
Coronavirinae
Calves
Vaccination
Diarrhoea
Chemoprophylaxis
Rotavirus bovino
Ternero
Vacunación
Diarrea
Profilaxis Química
Bovine Coronavirus
Coronavirus Bovino
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/12708
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03391-5
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