Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru
Background: Cow's milk β-casein has multiple genetic variants, the two most common of which are A1 and A2, which are encoded by the CSN2 gene. Evidence suggests that the A1 variant may negatively affect human health. Type A2 milk is a safer alternative for human consumption because it is easier to d...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
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Eldaghayes Publisher
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2957 https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.52 |
| _version_ | 1855028664706531328 |
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| author | Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett Rivera Jacinto, Marco Antonio Cueva Rodríguez, Medali Tayca Saldaña, Antony Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique Bazán Arce, José Luis Torres Caruajulca, Víctor Gerliz Cabrera González, Marco Antonio |
| author_browse | Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein Bazán Arce, José Luis Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett Cabrera González, Marco Antonio Cueva Rodríguez, Medali Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique Rivera Jacinto, Marco Antonio Tayca Saldaña, Antony Torres Caruajulca, Víctor Gerliz |
| author_facet | Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett Rivera Jacinto, Marco Antonio Cueva Rodríguez, Medali Tayca Saldaña, Antony Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique Bazán Arce, José Luis Torres Caruajulca, Víctor Gerliz Cabrera González, Marco Antonio |
| author_sort | Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett |
| collection | Repositorio INIA |
| description | Background: Cow's milk β-casein has multiple genetic variants, the two most common of which are A1 and A2, which are encoded by the CSN2 gene. Evidence suggests that the A1 variant may negatively affect human health. Type A2 milk is a safer alternative for human consumption because it is easier to digest than A1.
Aim: To determine the frequency of the A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 103 cattle (26 males and 77 females), 71 crossbred, 30 Simmental, 1 Jersey, and 1 Holstein. The selection prioritized females due to their economic value for milk production, reproductive potential, and capacity to replace cows of high genetic value, whereas males are intended for sale for meat production. Analysis of the A1 and A2 alleles of exon 7 of the CSN2 gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the restriction enzyme DdeI.
Results: The heterozygous A1A2 genotype was the most frequent (50.5%, n = 52), followed by the homozygous A2A2 genotype (35.0%, n = 36) and A1A1 genotype (14.6%, n = 15). The results showed that 33.8% (26/77) of the females and 38.5% (10/26) of the males had the A2A2 genotype.
Conclusion: PCR-RFLP genotyping allowed the genotypic frequencies of β-casein to be determined, with 33.8% and 38.5% A2A2 in females and males, respectively. |
| format | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| id | INIA2957 |
| institution | Institucional Nacional de Innovación Agraria |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Eldaghayes Publisher |
| publisherStr | Eldaghayes Publisher |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INIA29572025-12-31T19:51:29Z Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett Rivera Jacinto, Marco Antonio Cueva Rodríguez, Medali Tayca Saldaña, Antony Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique Bazán Arce, José Luis Torres Caruajulca, Víctor Gerliz Cabrera González, Marco Antonio A2 milk Cattle CSN2 gene Highland dairy Leche A2 Ganado vacuno gen CSN2 Ganadería lechera de las Tierras Altas. https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.03.01 Ganado bovino; Cattle; Gen, Genes; Polimorfismo genético; Genetic polymorphism; Genotipo; Genotype; Alelo; Alleles; Producción lechera; milk production; Biotecnología; Biotechnology Background: Cow's milk β-casein has multiple genetic variants, the two most common of which are A1 and A2, which are encoded by the CSN2 gene. Evidence suggests that the A1 variant may negatively affect human health. Type A2 milk is a safer alternative for human consumption because it is easier to digest than A1. Aim: To determine the frequency of the A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 103 cattle (26 males and 77 females), 71 crossbred, 30 Simmental, 1 Jersey, and 1 Holstein. The selection prioritized females due to their economic value for milk production, reproductive potential, and capacity to replace cows of high genetic value, whereas males are intended for sale for meat production. Analysis of the A1 and A2 alleles of exon 7 of the CSN2 gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the restriction enzyme DdeI. Results: The heterozygous A1A2 genotype was the most frequent (50.5%, n = 52), followed by the homozygous A2A2 genotype (35.0%, n = 36) and A1A1 genotype (14.6%, n = 15). The results showed that 33.8% (26/77) of the females and 38.5% (10/26) of the males had the A2A2 genotype. Conclusion: PCR-RFLP genotyping allowed the genotypic frequencies of β-casein to be determined, with 33.8% and 38.5% A2A2 in females and males, respectively. The authors would like to acknowledge the Proyecto de Mejoramiento Genético Nacional-PROMEG CUI 2432072 funded this research. 2025-12-29T14:27:17Z 2025-12-29T14:27:17Z 2025-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Becerra Quiroz, A. L., Rivera Jacinto, M. A., Cueva Rodríguez, M., Tayca Saldaña, A., Alvarez García, W., Quilcate Pairazamán, C., Bazán Arce, J., Torres Caruajulca, V. G., & Cabrera González, M. (2025). Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru. Open Veterinary Journal, 15(11), 5971–5981. https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.52 2226-4485 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2957 https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.52 eng urn:issn:2226-4485 Open Veterinary Journal info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf application/pdf Eldaghayes Publisher LY Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria Repositorio Institucional - INIA |
| spellingShingle | A2 milk Cattle CSN2 gene Highland dairy Leche A2 Ganado vacuno gen CSN2 Ganadería lechera de las Tierras Altas. https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.03.01 Ganado bovino; Cattle; Gen, Genes; Polimorfismo genético; Genetic polymorphism; Genotipo; Genotype; Alelo; Alleles; Producción lechera; milk production; Biotecnología; Biotechnology Becerra Quiroz, Antuanet Lissett Rivera Jacinto, Marco Antonio Cueva Rodríguez, Medali Tayca Saldaña, Antony Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique Bazán Arce, José Luis Torres Caruajulca, Víctor Gerliz Cabrera González, Marco Antonio Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title | Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title_full | Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title_fullStr | Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title_short | Frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of the β-casein gene in cattle in the Cajamarca region of Peru |
| title_sort | frequency of a1 and a2 alleles of the β casein gene in cattle in the cajamarca region of peru |
| topic | A2 milk Cattle CSN2 gene Highland dairy Leche A2 Ganado vacuno gen CSN2 Ganadería lechera de las Tierras Altas. https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.03.01 Ganado bovino; Cattle; Gen, Genes; Polimorfismo genético; Genetic polymorphism; Genotipo; Genotype; Alelo; Alleles; Producción lechera; milk production; Biotecnología; Biotechnology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2957 https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.52 |
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