The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon
Introduction: Land-use change from primary forests to agricultural croplands can degrade soil quality by depleting soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (STN), and soil-available potassium (SAK). The magnitudes and thresholds of these losses in the Peruvian Amazon remain insufficiently quantifie...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2869 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1662180 |
| _version_ | 1855028464389718016 |
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| author | Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani Lozano, Andi Gaona Jimenez, Nery Vallejos Torres, Geomar |
| author_browse | Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Gaona Jimenez, Nery Lozano, Andi Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi Vallejos Torres, Geomar |
| author_facet | Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani Lozano, Andi Gaona Jimenez, Nery Vallejos Torres, Geomar |
| author_sort | Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi |
| collection | Repositorio INIA |
| description | Introduction: Land-use change from primary forests to agricultural croplands can degrade soil quality by depleting soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (STN), and soil-available potassium (SAK). The magnitudes and thresholds of these losses in the Peruvian Amazon remain insufficiently quantified.
Methods: We assessed six land-use systems—two primary forests and four croplands (coffee, cocoa, oil palm, camu camu)—collecting 72 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) from 12 subplots per system using pit sampling. SOC, STN, and SAK were measured with standard laboratory procedures and compared across land uses.
Results: The humid primary forest (WE–PF) had the highest nutrient status (SOC 118.99 t C ha⁻¹; STN 0.35%; SAK 181.83 mg kg⁻¹). The lowest values occurred in croplands, especially camu camu (SOC 23.93 t C ha⁻¹; STN 0.08%). Forest-to-cropland conversion was associated with average reductions of 58.98% (SOC), 59.49% (STN), and 59.66% (SAK). Among crops, coffee showed the smallest deficit (18.04%), whereas camu camu showed the largest SOC deficit (30.92%).
Discussion: Converting forests to croplands critically depletes SOC, STN, and SAK, indicating substantial nutrient losses and concomitant deterioration of soil quality. These findings support conserving primary forests and promoting agroforestry and soil-restorative practices to mitigate degradation in the Peruvian Amazon. |
| format | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| id | INIA2869 |
| institution | Institucional Nacional de Innovación Agraria |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INIA28692025-10-01T05:21:08Z The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani Lozano, Andi Gaona Jimenez, Nery Vallejos Torres, Geomar Primary forest Agricultural crops Land use change Soil organic carbon reserves Total nitrogen Available potassium Soil texture Peruvian Amazon Bosque primario Cultivos agrícolas Cambio de uso de suelo Carbono orgánico del suelo Nitrógeno total Potasio disponible Textura del suelo Amazonía Peruana https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.04 Forest; Bosque; Soil; Suelo; Organic carbón; Carbono orgánico; Crops; Cultivo; Deforestation; Deforestación Introduction: Land-use change from primary forests to agricultural croplands can degrade soil quality by depleting soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (STN), and soil-available potassium (SAK). The magnitudes and thresholds of these losses in the Peruvian Amazon remain insufficiently quantified. Methods: We assessed six land-use systems—two primary forests and four croplands (coffee, cocoa, oil palm, camu camu)—collecting 72 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) from 12 subplots per system using pit sampling. SOC, STN, and SAK were measured with standard laboratory procedures and compared across land uses. Results: The humid primary forest (WE–PF) had the highest nutrient status (SOC 118.99 t C ha⁻¹; STN 0.35%; SAK 181.83 mg kg⁻¹). The lowest values occurred in croplands, especially camu camu (SOC 23.93 t C ha⁻¹; STN 0.08%). Forest-to-cropland conversion was associated with average reductions of 58.98% (SOC), 59.49% (STN), and 59.66% (SAK). Among crops, coffee showed the smallest deficit (18.04%), whereas camu camu showed the largest SOC deficit (30.92%). Discussion: Converting forests to croplands critically depletes SOC, STN, and SAK, indicating substantial nutrient losses and concomitant deterioration of soil quality. These findings support conserving primary forests and promoting agroforestry and soil-restorative practices to mitigate degradation in the Peruvian Amazon. The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. The research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, within the framework of the project: Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrıcolas degradados y aguas para riego en ́ la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Á ncash, San Martın, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Jun ́ ın, Ayacucho, ́ Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” CUI 2487112 2025-10-01T05:21:08Z 2025-10-01T05:21:08Z 2025-09-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Solórzano-Acosta, R., Cruz-Luis, J., Chuchon-Remon, R., Romero-Chávez, L. E., Lozano, A., Gaona-Jimenez, N., & Vallejos-Torres, G. (2025). The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon. Frontiers in Soil Science, 5, 1662180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1662180 2673-8619 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2869 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1662180 eng urn:issn:2673-8619 Frontiers in Soil Science info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf application/pdf Frontiers Media S.A. CH Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria Repositorio Institucional - INIA |
| spellingShingle | Primary forest Agricultural crops Land use change Soil organic carbon reserves Total nitrogen Available potassium Soil texture Peruvian Amazon Bosque primario Cultivos agrícolas Cambio de uso de suelo Carbono orgánico del suelo Nitrógeno total Potasio disponible Textura del suelo Amazonía Peruana https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.04 Forest; Bosque; Soil; Suelo; Organic carbón; Carbono orgánico; Crops; Cultivo; Deforestation; Deforestación Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani Lozano, Andi Gaona Jimenez, Nery Vallejos Torres, Geomar The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title | The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title_full | The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title_fullStr | The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title_short | The conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves, total nitrogen, and available potassium, reaching critical thresholds in the Peruvian Amazon |
| title_sort | conversion of forests to agricultural croplands significantly depletes soil organic carbon reserves total nitrogen and available potassium reaching critical thresholds in the peruvian amazon |
| topic | Primary forest Agricultural crops Land use change Soil organic carbon reserves Total nitrogen Available potassium Soil texture Peruvian Amazon Bosque primario Cultivos agrícolas Cambio de uso de suelo Carbono orgánico del suelo Nitrógeno total Potasio disponible Textura del suelo Amazonía Peruana https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.04 Forest; Bosque; Soil; Suelo; Organic carbón; Carbono orgánico; Crops; Cultivo; Deforestation; Deforestación |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2869 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1662180 |
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