Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru
The presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils poses a threat to the development of sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice-growing soils within the Amojú River Basin, Jaen, Peru. Ninety-f...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature)
2025
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2842 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16638-6 |
| _version_ | 1855490181586485248 |
|---|---|
| author | Tarrillo Julca, Ever Arce Inga, Marielita Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio Tineo Flores, Daniel Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Rojas Briceño, Nilton B. Atalaya Marin, Nilton Gómez Fernández, Darwin Goñas Goñas, Malluri |
| author_browse | Arce Inga, Marielita Atalaya Marin, Nilton Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Goñas Goñas, Malluri Gómez Fernández, Darwin Rojas Briceño, Nilton B. Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo Tarrillo Julca, Ever Tineo Flores, Daniel Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio |
| author_facet | Tarrillo Julca, Ever Arce Inga, Marielita Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio Tineo Flores, Daniel Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Rojas Briceño, Nilton B. Atalaya Marin, Nilton Gómez Fernández, Darwin Goñas Goñas, Malluri |
| author_sort | Tarrillo Julca, Ever |
| collection | Repositorio INIA |
| description | The presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils poses a threat to the development of sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice-growing soils within the Amojú River Basin, Jaen, Peru. Ninety-five soil samples were collected randomly, covering four altitudinal ranges, namely, very low (374–450 m above sea level (m a.s.l.)), low (450–571 m a.s.l.), medium (571–701 m a.s.l.) and high altitudes (701–1,034 m a.s.l.), and different agronomic management stages, including four phenological phases (seedling, tillering, filling and ripening) and two agricultural practices (resting and stubble burning). The evaluation was conducted via physicochemical analysis, the single-factor pollution index, and spatial interpolation techniques through the empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) method. The results indicated that the contents of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) exceed the limits established in the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for agricultural soils, with maximum Cd and Cr concentrations of 2 and 21 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively, mainly in very low-altitude areas (374–450 m a.s.l.). The single-factor pollution index results indicated slight Cd contamination and intense Cr contamination. Likewise, high levels of arsenic (As), Cd, and Cr were detected in soils managed via stubble burning, reaching 2, 2, and 16 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively. The highest Cr concentrations were located in the northeastern and western parts of the study area, whereas the highest Cd concentrations occurred in the northeastern and southwestern parts. These concentrations may be associated with potential contamination sources, with the use of phosphate fertilizers, water for cultivation, and soil erosion as key contributors. This study highlights the potential risk to rice productivity and crop safety, emphasizing the importance of implementing sustainable agricultural practices and monitoring strategies for heavy metals in soils associated with crops. |
| format | Artículo |
| id | INIA2842 |
| institution | Institucional Nacional de Innovación Agraria |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) |
| publisherStr | Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INIA28422025-09-01T05:31:22Z Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru Tarrillo Julca, Ever Arce Inga, Marielita Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio Tineo Flores, Daniel Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Rojas Briceño, Nilton B. Atalaya Marin, Nilton Gómez Fernández, Darwin Goñas Goñas, Malluri Agricultural soils Chromium Cadmium Phenological phases EQSs EBK Suelos agrícolas Cromo Cadmio Fases fenológicas NCA https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.06 Rice; Arroz; Heavy metals; Metal pesado; Soil; Suelo; Geographical distribution; Distribución geográfica; Soil pollution; Polución del suelo The presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils poses a threat to the development of sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice-growing soils within the Amojú River Basin, Jaen, Peru. Ninety-five soil samples were collected randomly, covering four altitudinal ranges, namely, very low (374–450 m above sea level (m a.s.l.)), low (450–571 m a.s.l.), medium (571–701 m a.s.l.) and high altitudes (701–1,034 m a.s.l.), and different agronomic management stages, including four phenological phases (seedling, tillering, filling and ripening) and two agricultural practices (resting and stubble burning). The evaluation was conducted via physicochemical analysis, the single-factor pollution index, and spatial interpolation techniques through the empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) method. The results indicated that the contents of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) exceed the limits established in the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for agricultural soils, with maximum Cd and Cr concentrations of 2 and 21 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively, mainly in very low-altitude areas (374–450 m a.s.l.). The single-factor pollution index results indicated slight Cd contamination and intense Cr contamination. Likewise, high levels of arsenic (As), Cd, and Cr were detected in soils managed via stubble burning, reaching 2, 2, and 16 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively. The highest Cr concentrations were located in the northeastern and western parts of the study area, whereas the highest Cd concentrations occurred in the northeastern and southwestern parts. These concentrations may be associated with potential contamination sources, with the use of phosphate fertilizers, water for cultivation, and soil erosion as key contributors. This study highlights the potential risk to rice productivity and crop safety, emphasizing the importance of implementing sustainable agricultural practices and monitoring strategies for heavy metals in soils associated with crops. The authors would like to thank the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) through the Investment Project with CUI N° 2472675 Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agraria en la Estación Experimental Agraria Baños del Inca Baños del Inca, located in the district of Baños del Inca, province of Cajamarca, department of Cajamarca. The authors also extend their gratitude to Jonathan Michael Cruz-Malca, Cristian Culqui Gaslac and Testing Laboratorio de Suelos, Aguas y Foliares – LABSAF 2025-09-01T05:31:21Z 2025-09-01T05:31:21Z 2025-08-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Tarrillo, E., Arce-Inga, M., Torres-Herrera, P.A. et al. Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru. Sci Rep 15, 30692 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16638-6 2045-2322 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2842 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16638-6 eng urn:issn:2045-2322 Scientific Reports info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf application/pdf Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) GB Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria Repositorio Institucional - INIA |
| spellingShingle | Agricultural soils Chromium Cadmium Phenological phases EQSs EBK Suelos agrícolas Cromo Cadmio Fases fenológicas NCA https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.06 Rice; Arroz; Heavy metals; Metal pesado; Soil; Suelo; Geographical distribution; Distribución geográfica; Soil pollution; Polución del suelo Tarrillo Julca, Ever Arce Inga, Marielita Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio Tineo Flores, Daniel Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro Rojas Briceño, Nilton B. Atalaya Marin, Nilton Gómez Fernández, Darwin Goñas Goñas, Malluri Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title | Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title_full | Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title_fullStr | Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title_short | Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru |
| title_sort | geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern peru |
| topic | Agricultural soils Chromium Cadmium Phenological phases EQSs EBK Suelos agrícolas Cromo Cadmio Fases fenológicas NCA https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.06 Rice; Arroz; Heavy metals; Metal pesado; Soil; Suelo; Geographical distribution; Distribución geográfica; Soil pollution; Polución del suelo |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2842 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16638-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tarrillojulcaever geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT arceingamarielita geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT torresherrerapedroantonio geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT tineofloresdaniel geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT taboadamitmavictorhugo geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT cruzluisjuancarlosalejandro geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT rojasbricenoniltonb geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT atalayamarinnilton geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT gomezfernandezdarwin geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu AT gonasgonasmalluri geospatialdistributionofheavymetalsinricesoilsofnorthwesternperu |