Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) thr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| Language: | Inglés |
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MDPI
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/1660 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010172 |
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| author | Guzzon, Filippo Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario Céspedes Polo, Marcia Chávez Cabrera, Alexander Muriel Figueroa, Jesús Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir Molnar, Terence L. Narro León, Luis Alberto Narro León, Teodoro Patricio Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel Vásquez, Gricelda Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto Zambrano, José Luis Palacios Rojas, Natalia Pixley, Kevin |
| author_browse | Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario Chávez Cabrera, Alexander Céspedes Polo, Marcia Guzzon, Filippo Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis Molnar, Terence L. Muriel Figueroa, Jesús Narro León, Luis Alberto Narro León, Teodoro Patricio Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel Palacios Rojas, Natalia Pixley, Kevin Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto Vásquez, Gricelda Zambrano, José Luis |
| author_facet | Guzzon, Filippo Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario Céspedes Polo, Marcia Chávez Cabrera, Alexander Muriel Figueroa, Jesús Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir Molnar, Terence L. Narro León, Luis Alberto Narro León, Teodoro Patricio Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel Vásquez, Gricelda Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto Zambrano, José Luis Palacios Rojas, Natalia Pixley, Kevin |
| author_sort | Guzzon, Filippo |
| collection | Repositorio INIA |
| description | Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs. |
| format | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| id | INIA1660 |
| institution | Institucional Nacional de Innovación Agraria |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateRange | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| publisherStr | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | INIA16602022-11-21T20:06:57Z Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity Guzzon, Filippo Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario Céspedes Polo, Marcia Chávez Cabrera, Alexander Muriel Figueroa, Jesús Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir Molnar, Terence L. Narro León, Luis Alberto Narro León, Teodoro Patricio Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel Vásquez, Gricelda Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto Zambrano, José Luis Palacios Rojas, Natalia Pixley, Kevin Agrobiodiversity Genetic erosion Maize breeding Maize landraces Maize races Open pollinated varieties On farm conservation Plant genetic resources Value chain https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.05.00 Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs. 1. Introduction. 2. Races of maize in Latin America. 3. Use of maize landraces for human consumption. 4. Genetic Erosion. 5. Conservation. 6. Breeding programs of maize for human consumption in Latin America. 7. Conclusions. References. 2022-04-13T21:14:16Z 2022-04-13T21:14:16Z 2021-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Guzzon, F.; Arandia Rios, L.W.; Caviedes Cepeda, G.M.; Céspedes Polo, M.; Chavez Cabrera, A.; Muriel Figueroa, J.; Medina Hoyos, A.E.; Jara Calvo, T.W.; Molnar, T.L.; Narro León, L.A.; et al. Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Agronomy 2021, 11, 172. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11010172 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/1660 Agronomy https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010172 eng Agronomy 2021, 11, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010172 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf application/pdf Latinoamérica MDPI Suiza Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria Repositorio Institucional - INIA |
| spellingShingle | Agrobiodiversity Genetic erosion Maize breeding Maize landraces Maize races Open pollinated varieties On farm conservation Plant genetic resources Value chain https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.05.00 Guzzon, Filippo Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario Céspedes Polo, Marcia Chávez Cabrera, Alexander Muriel Figueroa, Jesús Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir Molnar, Terence L. Narro León, Luis Alberto Narro León, Teodoro Patricio Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel Vásquez, Gricelda Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto Zambrano, José Luis Palacios Rojas, Natalia Pixley, Kevin Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title | Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title_full | Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title_fullStr | Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title_short | Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| title_sort | conservation and use of latin american maize diversity pillar of nutrition security and cultural heritage of humanity |
| topic | Agrobiodiversity Genetic erosion Maize breeding Maize landraces Maize races Open pollinated varieties On farm conservation Plant genetic resources Value chain https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.05.00 |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/1660 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010172 |
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