Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands

Introduction: Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development strategies. However, increasing demands for food, animal feed, fuel, and income-generating activities are putting pressure on th...

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Main Authors: Mekuria, Wuletaw, Mekonnen, Kindu, Thorne, Peter J., Bezabih, Melkamu, Tamene, Lulseged D., Abera, Wuletawu
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Springer 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97456
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author Mekuria, Wuletaw
Mekonnen, Kindu
Thorne, Peter J.
Bezabih, Melkamu
Tamene, Lulseged D.
Abera, Wuletawu
author_browse Abera, Wuletawu
Bezabih, Melkamu
Mekonnen, Kindu
Mekuria, Wuletaw
Tamene, Lulseged D.
Thorne, Peter J.
author_facet Mekuria, Wuletaw
Mekonnen, Kindu
Thorne, Peter J.
Bezabih, Melkamu
Tamene, Lulseged D.
Abera, Wuletawu
author_sort Mekuria, Wuletaw
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Introduction: Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development strategies. However, increasing demands for food, animal feed, fuel, and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the land. In this paper, we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and livestock production, quantify rates of land-use/cover (LULC) changes, and examine driving forces and consequences of land conversion. Methods: The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed, North Shewa Zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia. It used a combination of methods including remote sensing, household interviews, field observations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Supervised and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years (1984–2016). Results: The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51% of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land conversions. The household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha−1 respectively. The observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6% and 2.9%. This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land systems. Cropland increased (0.4% year−1) while grazing land reduced (3.5% year−1) under contrasting dynamics and competitive changes. An increase in human and livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural ecosystem. The consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed, low crop-livestock productivity, and a reduction in natural vegetation coverage. Conclusions: We suggest that sustainable land resource management, more integrated crop-livestock production, and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources.
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spelling CGSpace974562024-05-01T08:18:56Z Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands Mekuria, Wuletaw Mekonnen, Kindu Thorne, Peter J. Bezabih, Melkamu Tamene, Lulseged D. Abera, Wuletawu animal feeding mixed farming forage intensification Introduction: Ethiopia has made efforts to tackle the challenges of low crop and livestock productivity and degradation of land resources through various rural development strategies. However, increasing demands for food, animal feed, fuel, and income-generating activities are putting pressure on the land. In this paper, we describe the production pressure and competition between crop and livestock production, quantify rates of land-use/cover (LULC) changes, and examine driving forces and consequences of land conversion. Methods: The study was conducted in Gudo Beret watershed, North Shewa Zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia. It used a combination of methods including remote sensing, household interviews, field observations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Supervised and unsupervised image classification methods were employed to map LULC classes for 31 years (1984–2016). Results: The results of satellite remote sensing revealed that 51% of the land in the study area was subject to accelerated land conversions. The household survey results indicated that feed resources and grain production pressures were 1.43 and 1.34 t ha−1 respectively. The observed annual changes in plantation and settlement areas were 2.6% and 2.9%. This was mainly at the expense of bushland and grazing land systems. Cropland increased (0.4% year−1) while grazing land reduced (3.5% year−1) under contrasting dynamics and competitive changes. An increase in human and livestock populations and farm expansion were major drivers of land conversion that adversely affected household livelihoods and the natural ecosystem. The consequences of these pressures resulted in a lack of animal feed, low crop-livestock productivity, and a reduction in natural vegetation coverage. Conclusions: We suggest that sustainable land resource management, more integrated crop-livestock production, and the use of productivity-enhancing technologies could play a role in managing competition for land resources. 2018-12 2018-09-21T06:49:10Z 2018-09-21T06:49:10Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97456 en Open Access Springer Mekuria, W., Mekonnen K., Thorne, P., Bezabih, M., Tamene, L. and Abera, W. 2018. Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands. Ecological Processes 7:30.
spellingShingle animal feeding
mixed farming
forage
intensification
Mekuria, Wuletaw
Mekonnen, Kindu
Thorne, Peter J.
Bezabih, Melkamu
Tamene, Lulseged D.
Abera, Wuletawu
Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title_full Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title_fullStr Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title_full_unstemmed Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title_short Competition for land resources: Driving forces and consequences in crop-livestock production systems of the Ethiopian highlands
title_sort competition for land resources driving forces and consequences in crop livestock production systems of the ethiopian highlands
topic animal feeding
mixed farming
forage
intensification
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97456
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