Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion
The effectiveness of land‐sharing and land‐sparing approaches has been widely debated. Yet, few studies quantify the environmental and socio‐economic outcomes of these approaches within a real‐world landscape. Indonesia's plans to increase its palm oil production present an opportunity to investigat...
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Wiley
2014
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95568 |
| _version_ | 1855523103357009920 |
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| author | Lee, J.S.H. García Ulloa, J. Ghazoul, J. Obidzinski, K. Koh, L.P. |
| author_browse | García Ulloa, J. Ghazoul, J. Koh, L.P. Lee, J.S.H. Obidzinski, K. |
| author_facet | Lee, J.S.H. García Ulloa, J. Ghazoul, J. Obidzinski, K. Koh, L.P. |
| author_sort | Lee, J.S.H. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The effectiveness of land‐sharing and land‐sparing approaches has been widely debated. Yet, few studies quantify the environmental and socio‐economic outcomes of these approaches within a real‐world landscape. Indonesia's plans to increase its palm oil production present an opportunity to investigate the potential environmental and socio‐economic implications of the land‐sharing and sparing approaches. We developed a computer model to simulate the expansion of oil palm agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia, under four different scenarios distinguishable by the dominance of scheme smallholders or industrial estates: business‐as‐usual, BAU (25 : 75, scheme smallholders:industrial estates); high‐yielding industry dominated, ESTATE (10 : 90); low‐yielding smallholder dominated, SMALLHOLDER (40 : 60), high‐yielding smallholder dominated, HYBRID (40 : 60; but with improved smallholder yields). Our results reveal several trade‐offs associated with varying the proportion of scheme smallholders and productivity of oil palm plantations. The ESTATE scenario (reflecting land‐sparing) resulted in lowest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity losses and nitrogen fertilizer usage. Additionally, infrastructural development and tax revenues were highest under the land‐sparing approach, though fewer jobs were created. The SMALLHOLDER scenario (indicating land‐sharing) resulted in highest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, carbon dioxide emissions and biodiversity losses but involved more households in oil palm agriculture and thus created more employment opportunities. The HYBRID scenario ranked second best in terms of both minimizing forest loss and job creation. However, the drawbacks of this approach included high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, lower infrastructural development and lower tax revenues. Synthesis and applications. From an environmental perspective, it is far more important to implement spatial restrictions on oil palm expansion over forests since increasing the productivity of smallholdings and industrial estates among the four scenarios examined show minimal differences to biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The hybrid approach shows that increasing the proportion of scheme smallholders need not come at a great environmental cost for achieving Indonesia's palm oil production target. From a policy perspective, this hybrid approach requires a change in legislation to increase the minimum land area an industrial estate owner must allocate to scheme smallholders (40%), as well as increased support to improve productivity in oil palm smallholdings.The effectiveness of land‐sharing and land‐sparing approaches has been widely debated. Yet, few studies quantify the environmental and socio‐economic outcomes of these approaches within a real‐world landscape. Indonesia's plans to increase its palm oil production present an opportunity to investigate the potential environmental and socio‐economic implications of the land‐sharing and sparing approaches.We developed a computer model to simulate the expansion of oil palm agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia, under four different scenarios distinguishable by the dominance of scheme smallholders or industrial estates: business‐as‐usual, BAU (25 : 75, scheme smallholders:industrial estates); high‐yielding industry dominated, ESTATE (10 : 90); low‐yielding smallholder dominated, SMALLHOLDER (40 : 60), high‐yielding smallholder dominated, HYBRID (40 : 60; but with improved smallholder yields).Our results reveal several trade‐offs associated with varying the proportion of scheme smallholders and productivity of oil palm plantations. The ESTATE scenario (reflecting land‐sparing) resulted in lowest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity losses and nitrogen fertilizer usage. Additionally, infrastructural development and tax revenues were highest under the land‐sparing approach, though fewer jobs were created. The SMALLHOLDER scenario (indicating land‐sharing) resulted in highest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, carbon dioxide emissions and biodiversity losses but involved more households in oil palm agriculture and thus created more employment opportunities. The HYBRID scenario ranked second best in terms of both minimizing forest loss and job creation. However, the drawbacks of this approach included high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, lower infrastructural development and lower tax revenues.Synthesis and applications. From an environmental perspective, it is far more important to implement spatial restrictions on oil palm expansion over forests since increasing the productivity of smallholdings and industrial estates among the four scenarios examined show minimal differences to biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The hybrid approach shows that increasing the proportion of scheme smallholders need not come at a great environmental cost for achieving Indonesia's palm oil production target. From a policy perspective, this hybrid approach requires a change in legislation to increase the minimum land area an industrial estate owner must allocate to scheme smallholders (40%), as well as increased support to improve productivity in oil palm smallholdings. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace95568 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| publisherStr | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace955682025-06-17T08:23:36Z Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion Lee, J.S.H. García Ulloa, J. Ghazoul, J. Obidzinski, K. Koh, L.P. agribusiness trade oil palms production smallholders socioeconomics greenhouse The effectiveness of land‐sharing and land‐sparing approaches has been widely debated. Yet, few studies quantify the environmental and socio‐economic outcomes of these approaches within a real‐world landscape. Indonesia's plans to increase its palm oil production present an opportunity to investigate the potential environmental and socio‐economic implications of the land‐sharing and sparing approaches. We developed a computer model to simulate the expansion of oil palm agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia, under four different scenarios distinguishable by the dominance of scheme smallholders or industrial estates: business‐as‐usual, BAU (25 : 75, scheme smallholders:industrial estates); high‐yielding industry dominated, ESTATE (10 : 90); low‐yielding smallholder dominated, SMALLHOLDER (40 : 60), high‐yielding smallholder dominated, HYBRID (40 : 60; but with improved smallholder yields). Our results reveal several trade‐offs associated with varying the proportion of scheme smallholders and productivity of oil palm plantations. The ESTATE scenario (reflecting land‐sparing) resulted in lowest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity losses and nitrogen fertilizer usage. Additionally, infrastructural development and tax revenues were highest under the land‐sparing approach, though fewer jobs were created. The SMALLHOLDER scenario (indicating land‐sharing) resulted in highest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, carbon dioxide emissions and biodiversity losses but involved more households in oil palm agriculture and thus created more employment opportunities. The HYBRID scenario ranked second best in terms of both minimizing forest loss and job creation. However, the drawbacks of this approach included high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, lower infrastructural development and lower tax revenues. Synthesis and applications. From an environmental perspective, it is far more important to implement spatial restrictions on oil palm expansion over forests since increasing the productivity of smallholdings and industrial estates among the four scenarios examined show minimal differences to biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The hybrid approach shows that increasing the proportion of scheme smallholders need not come at a great environmental cost for achieving Indonesia's palm oil production target. From a policy perspective, this hybrid approach requires a change in legislation to increase the minimum land area an industrial estate owner must allocate to scheme smallholders (40%), as well as increased support to improve productivity in oil palm smallholdings.The effectiveness of land‐sharing and land‐sparing approaches has been widely debated. Yet, few studies quantify the environmental and socio‐economic outcomes of these approaches within a real‐world landscape. Indonesia's plans to increase its palm oil production present an opportunity to investigate the potential environmental and socio‐economic implications of the land‐sharing and sparing approaches.We developed a computer model to simulate the expansion of oil palm agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia, under four different scenarios distinguishable by the dominance of scheme smallholders or industrial estates: business‐as‐usual, BAU (25 : 75, scheme smallholders:industrial estates); high‐yielding industry dominated, ESTATE (10 : 90); low‐yielding smallholder dominated, SMALLHOLDER (40 : 60), high‐yielding smallholder dominated, HYBRID (40 : 60; but with improved smallholder yields).Our results reveal several trade‐offs associated with varying the proportion of scheme smallholders and productivity of oil palm plantations. The ESTATE scenario (reflecting land‐sparing) resulted in lowest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity losses and nitrogen fertilizer usage. Additionally, infrastructural development and tax revenues were highest under the land‐sparing approach, though fewer jobs were created. The SMALLHOLDER scenario (indicating land‐sharing) resulted in highest environmental costs in terms of forest conversion, carbon dioxide emissions and biodiversity losses but involved more households in oil palm agriculture and thus created more employment opportunities. The HYBRID scenario ranked second best in terms of both minimizing forest loss and job creation. However, the drawbacks of this approach included high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, lower infrastructural development and lower tax revenues.Synthesis and applications. From an environmental perspective, it is far more important to implement spatial restrictions on oil palm expansion over forests since increasing the productivity of smallholdings and industrial estates among the four scenarios examined show minimal differences to biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The hybrid approach shows that increasing the proportion of scheme smallholders need not come at a great environmental cost for achieving Indonesia's palm oil production target. From a policy perspective, this hybrid approach requires a change in legislation to increase the minimum land area an industrial estate owner must allocate to scheme smallholders (40%), as well as increased support to improve productivity in oil palm smallholdings. 2014-10 2018-07-03T11:03:13Z 2018-07-03T11:03:13Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95568 en Limited Access Wiley Lee, J. S. H., Garcia-Ulloa, J., Ghazoul, J., Obidzinski, K., Koh, L.P. . 2014. Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion Journal of Applied Ecology, 51 (5) : 1366-1377. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12286 |
| spellingShingle | agribusiness trade oil palms production smallholders socioeconomics greenhouse Lee, J.S.H. García Ulloa, J. Ghazoul, J. Obidzinski, K. Koh, L.P. Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title | Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title_full | Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title_fullStr | Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title_short | Modelling environmental and socio-economic trade-offs associated with land-sparing and land-sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| title_sort | modelling environmental and socio economic trade offs associated with land sparing and land sharing approaches to oil palm expansion |
| topic | agribusiness trade oil palms production smallholders socioeconomics greenhouse |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/95568 |
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