Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development

Creating typologies is a way to summarize the large heterogeneity of smallholder farming systems into a few farm types. Various methods exist, commonly using statistical analysis, to create these typologies. We demonstrate that the methodological decisions on data collection, variable selection, dat...

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Autores principales: Álvarez, S., Timler, Carl J., Michalscheck, M., Paas, W., Descheemaeker, Katrien K., Tittonell, Pablo A., Andersson, Jens A., Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92861
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author Álvarez, S.
Timler, Carl J.
Michalscheck, M.
Paas, W.
Descheemaeker, Katrien K.
Tittonell, Pablo A.
Andersson, Jens A.
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
author_browse Andersson, Jens A.
Descheemaeker, Katrien K.
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Michalscheck, M.
Paas, W.
Timler, Carl J.
Tittonell, Pablo A.
Álvarez, S.
author_facet Álvarez, S.
Timler, Carl J.
Michalscheck, M.
Paas, W.
Descheemaeker, Katrien K.
Tittonell, Pablo A.
Andersson, Jens A.
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
author_sort Álvarez, S.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Creating typologies is a way to summarize the large heterogeneity of smallholder farming systems into a few farm types. Various methods exist, commonly using statistical analysis, to create these typologies. We demonstrate that the methodological decisions on data collection, variable selection, data-reduction and clustering techniques can bear a large impact on the typology results. We illustrate the effects of analysing the diversity from different angles, using different typology objectives and different hypotheses, on typology creation by using an example from Zambia’s Eastern Province. Five separate typologies were created with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), based on three different expert-informed hypotheses. The greatest overlap between typologies was observed for the larger, wealthier farm types but for the remainder of the farms there were no clear overlaps between typologies. Based on these results, we argue that the typology development should be guided by a hypothesis on the local agriculture features and the drivers and mechanisms of differentiation among farming systems, such as biophysical and socio-economic conditions. That hypothesis is based both on the typology objective and on prior expert knowledge and theories of the farm diversity in the study area. We present a methodological framework that aims to integrate participatory and statistical methods for hypothesis-based typology construction. This is an iterative process whereby the results of the statistical analysis are compared with the reality of the target population as hypothesized by the local experts. Using a well-defined hypothesis and the presented methodological framework, which consolidates the hypothesis through local expert knowledge for the creation of typologies, warrants development of less subjective and more contextualized quantitative farm typologies.
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spelling CGSpace928612024-05-01T08:19:05Z Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development Álvarez, S. Timler, Carl J. Michalscheck, M. Paas, W. Descheemaeker, Katrien K. Tittonell, Pablo A. Andersson, Jens A. Groot, Jeroen C.J. crops livestock farming systems intensification Creating typologies is a way to summarize the large heterogeneity of smallholder farming systems into a few farm types. Various methods exist, commonly using statistical analysis, to create these typologies. We demonstrate that the methodological decisions on data collection, variable selection, data-reduction and clustering techniques can bear a large impact on the typology results. We illustrate the effects of analysing the diversity from different angles, using different typology objectives and different hypotheses, on typology creation by using an example from Zambia’s Eastern Province. Five separate typologies were created with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), based on three different expert-informed hypotheses. The greatest overlap between typologies was observed for the larger, wealthier farm types but for the remainder of the farms there were no clear overlaps between typologies. Based on these results, we argue that the typology development should be guided by a hypothesis on the local agriculture features and the drivers and mechanisms of differentiation among farming systems, such as biophysical and socio-economic conditions. That hypothesis is based both on the typology objective and on prior expert knowledge and theories of the farm diversity in the study area. We present a methodological framework that aims to integrate participatory and statistical methods for hypothesis-based typology construction. This is an iterative process whereby the results of the statistical analysis are compared with the reality of the target population as hypothesized by the local experts. Using a well-defined hypothesis and the presented methodological framework, which consolidates the hypothesis through local expert knowledge for the creation of typologies, warrants development of less subjective and more contextualized quantitative farm typologies. 2018 2018-05-24T11:22:24Z 2018-05-24T11:22:24Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92861 en Open Access Public Library of Science Alvarez, S., Timler, C.J., Michalscheck, M., Paas, W., Descheemaeker, K., Tittonell, P., Andersson, J.A. and Groot, J.C.J. 2018. Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development. Plos one
spellingShingle crops
livestock
farming systems
intensification
Álvarez, S.
Timler, Carl J.
Michalscheck, M.
Paas, W.
Descheemaeker, Katrien K.
Tittonell, Pablo A.
Andersson, Jens A.
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title_full Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title_fullStr Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title_full_unstemmed Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title_short Capturing farm diversity with hypothesis-based typologies: An innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
title_sort capturing farm diversity with hypothesis based typologies an innovative methodological framework for farming system typology development
topic crops
livestock
farming systems
intensification
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92861
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