Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector

Despite extensive literature on the complex nature of empowerment, current efforts to measure women’s empowerment in the agricultural development sector are largely limited to assessing visible forms of agency. We take a critical look at current efforts to measure women’s empowerment at the individu...

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Main Authors: O'Hara, C., Clement, Floriane
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92369
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author O'Hara, C.
Clement, Floriane
author_browse Clement, Floriane
O'Hara, C.
author_facet O'Hara, C.
Clement, Floriane
author_sort O'Hara, C.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Despite extensive literature on the complex nature of empowerment, current efforts to measure women’s empowerment in the agricultural development sector are largely limited to assessing visible forms of agency. We take a critical look at current efforts to measure women’s empowerment at the individual/household level through standardized tools. We examine the results of a household survey conducted in Nepal using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which was developed as a monitoring and evaluation tool for the Feed the Future Initiative. Our interpretation of the results is informed by qualitative fieldwork conducted in the same region. In our quantitative analysis, we regress correlates of empowerment identified in the literature, such as age, education, household wealth, income, and household composition, on individual empowerment as measured by the WEAI. While several factors associated with women’s empowerment are significantly associated, household composition and intra-household relationships, which we expected to be essential factors in the local context, appear to be unrelated to the WEAI empowerment score. A measure of critical consciousness tested alongside the WEAI instrument appears instead to be closely associated with these factors. Our qualitative findings reveal that there is a discrepancy between local meanings of empowerment and definitions of empowerment defined in terms of agency. Based on these results, we suggest that improvements in measurement may be possible if approaches that measure power predominantly in terms of agency or decision-making were to include critical consciousness in their framework.
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spelling CGSpace923692025-03-11T09:50:20Z Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector O'Hara, C. Clement, Floriane gender women in development empowerment measurement agricultural development agricultural sector households income decision making Despite extensive literature on the complex nature of empowerment, current efforts to measure women’s empowerment in the agricultural development sector are largely limited to assessing visible forms of agency. We take a critical look at current efforts to measure women’s empowerment at the individual/household level through standardized tools. We examine the results of a household survey conducted in Nepal using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which was developed as a monitoring and evaluation tool for the Feed the Future Initiative. Our interpretation of the results is informed by qualitative fieldwork conducted in the same region. In our quantitative analysis, we regress correlates of empowerment identified in the literature, such as age, education, household wealth, income, and household composition, on individual empowerment as measured by the WEAI. While several factors associated with women’s empowerment are significantly associated, household composition and intra-household relationships, which we expected to be essential factors in the local context, appear to be unrelated to the WEAI empowerment score. A measure of critical consciousness tested alongside the WEAI instrument appears instead to be closely associated with these factors. Our qualitative findings reveal that there is a discrepancy between local meanings of empowerment and definitions of empowerment defined in terms of agency. Based on these results, we suggest that improvements in measurement may be possible if approaches that measure power predominantly in terms of agency or decision-making were to include critical consciousness in their framework. 2018-06 2018-04-25T09:44:59Z 2018-04-25T09:44:59Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92369 en Open Access Elsevier O'Hara, C.; Clement, Floriane. 2018. Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector. World Development, 13p. (Online first) doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.002
spellingShingle gender
women in development
empowerment
measurement
agricultural development
agricultural sector
households
income
decision making
O'Hara, C.
Clement, Floriane
Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title_full Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title_fullStr Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title_full_unstemmed Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title_short Power as agency: a critical reflection on the measurement of women’s empowerment in the development sector
title_sort power as agency a critical reflection on the measurement of women s empowerment in the development sector
topic gender
women in development
empowerment
measurement
agricultural development
agricultural sector
households
income
decision making
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92369
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