The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management

The Nile Delta and its 2.27 million ha of irrigated land makes up two thirds of Egypt’s agricultural land. It is also the terminal part of a river basin that spans and feeds 11 countries. Increases in dam and irrigation development in upstream parts of the basin is poised to conflict with agricultur...

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Main Authors: Molle, Francois, Gaafar, I., El-Agha, Doaa E., Rap, Edwin
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92089
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author Molle, Francois
Gaafar, I.
El-Agha, Doaa E.
Rap, Edwin
author_browse El-Agha, Doaa E.
Gaafar, I.
Molle, Francois
Rap, Edwin
author_facet Molle, Francois
Gaafar, I.
El-Agha, Doaa E.
Rap, Edwin
author_sort Molle, Francois
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The Nile Delta and its 2.27 million ha of irrigated land makes up two thirds of Egypt’s agricultural land. It is also the terminal part of a river basin that spans and feeds 11 countries. Increases in dam and irrigation development in upstream parts of the basin is poised to conflict with agricultural expansion and population growth in Egypt. Understanding where and how waters comes into and leaves the delta is therefore a crucial question for the future of the country. This paper revisits the surface and groundwater balances of the delta, emphasizes the additional relevance of drainage water reuse and of the salt balance, and evidences a relative stability of the outflow to the sea over the past 30 years. Various reasons for such a phenomenon and the scope for saving water are explored and discussed. The confusion between plot-level and delta-level efficiency and the relatively limited gains possible are emphasized. Beyond the overall water balance and quantitative issues, water management in the delta remains a complex task of spatially distributing the resource over a complex ramified network. Finally, limitations in the analysis related to data availability and accuracy are emphasized.
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spelling CGSpace920892023-12-08T19:36:04Z The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management Molle, Francois Gaafar, I. El-Agha, Doaa E. Rap, Edwin water balance salinity water management groundwater recharge aquifers groundwater drainage water water reuse evaporation evapotranspiration irrigation efficiency pumping rivers flow rate deltas coastal area The Nile Delta and its 2.27 million ha of irrigated land makes up two thirds of Egypt’s agricultural land. It is also the terminal part of a river basin that spans and feeds 11 countries. Increases in dam and irrigation development in upstream parts of the basin is poised to conflict with agricultural expansion and population growth in Egypt. Understanding where and how waters comes into and leaves the delta is therefore a crucial question for the future of the country. This paper revisits the surface and groundwater balances of the delta, emphasizes the additional relevance of drainage water reuse and of the salt balance, and evidences a relative stability of the outflow to the sea over the past 30 years. Various reasons for such a phenomenon and the scope for saving water are explored and discussed. The confusion between plot-level and delta-level efficiency and the relatively limited gains possible are emphasized. Beyond the overall water balance and quantitative issues, water management in the delta remains a complex task of spatially distributing the resource over a complex ramified network. Finally, limitations in the analysis related to data availability and accuracy are emphasized. 2018-01 2018-04-18T09:37:05Z 2018-04-18T09:37:05Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92089 en Open Access Elsevier Molle, Francois; Gaafar, I.; El-Agha, D. E.; Rap, Edwin. 2018. The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management. Agricultural Water Management, 197:110-121. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.11.016
spellingShingle water balance
salinity
water management
groundwater recharge
aquifers
groundwater
drainage water
water reuse
evaporation
evapotranspiration
irrigation efficiency
pumping
rivers
flow rate
deltas
coastal area
Molle, Francois
Gaafar, I.
El-Agha, Doaa E.
Rap, Edwin
The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title_full The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title_fullStr The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title_full_unstemmed The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title_short The Nile Delta’s water and salt balances and implications for management
title_sort nile delta s water and salt balances and implications for management
topic water balance
salinity
water management
groundwater recharge
aquifers
groundwater
drainage water
water reuse
evaporation
evapotranspiration
irrigation efficiency
pumping
rivers
flow rate
deltas
coastal area
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92089
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