First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. (Poaceae) is indigenous to the old world but is a problem weed in tropical areas throughout the world (1). A smut fungus was observed frequently on this grass at a single site near Pretoria (25°44′19′′S, 28°15′39′′E), South Africa during April of 2006. On the basis...
| Autores principales: | , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2009
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/90206 |
| _version_ | 1855522412756467712 |
|---|---|
| author | Wood, A.R. Breeyen, A. den Beed, Fenton D. |
| author_browse | Beed, Fenton D. Breeyen, A. den Wood, A.R. |
| author_facet | Wood, A.R. Breeyen, A. den Beed, Fenton D. |
| author_sort | Wood, A.R. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. (Poaceae) is indigenous to the old world but is a problem weed in tropical areas throughout the world (1). A smut fungus was observed frequently on this grass at a single site near Pretoria (25°44′19′′S, 28°15′39′′E), South Africa during April of 2006. On the basis of the following characteristics, it was identified as Sporisorium schweinfurthianum (Thüm.) K. Vánky (2). Panicles were systemically infected and all ovaries in infected inflorescences were replaced by spores. Spores were globose or subglobose, brown, 10 to 14 × 9 to 12 μm (average 11.2 × 9.8 μm; n = 25), wall 1 μm thick, and finely verruculose. Hyaline, thin-walled sterile cells were present. This identification was confirmed by K. Vánky (personal communication to A. R. Wood). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this smut species from southern Africa. A voucher specimen has been deposited in the South African National Collection of Fungi, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute (PREM 59895). To test pathogenicity, soil in 15 pots with individual 1-month-old seedlings was drenched with an aqueous suspension of 1 × 108spores ml–1 amended with 0.1% Tween 80. Before treatment, the pots were placed on pot trays and remained immersed in the spore suspension in the trays at 28°C (relative humidity <80%) for 24 h. To maintain the spore concentration in the soil, the pots were not watered until 7 days after inoculation. Distilled water amended with 0.1% Tween 80 was applied as control treatments to a further 15 pots with plants. Five of the treated plants produced panicles within 4 months of inoculation. Of these, all the ovaries of four emerging inflorescences were completely replaced with a brown, powdery mass of teliospores. No smutted panicles developed on the control plants. This smut fungus may have potential as a classical biological control agent for use against I. cylindrica by reducing dispersal by seed. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace90206 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateRange | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace902062024-01-17T12:58:34Z First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa Wood, A.R. Breeyen, A. den Beed, Fenton D. spore inoculation fungus cylindrical smut inflorescences Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. (Poaceae) is indigenous to the old world but is a problem weed in tropical areas throughout the world (1). A smut fungus was observed frequently on this grass at a single site near Pretoria (25°44′19′′S, 28°15′39′′E), South Africa during April of 2006. On the basis of the following characteristics, it was identified as Sporisorium schweinfurthianum (Thüm.) K. Vánky (2). Panicles were systemically infected and all ovaries in infected inflorescences were replaced by spores. Spores were globose or subglobose, brown, 10 to 14 × 9 to 12 μm (average 11.2 × 9.8 μm; n = 25), wall 1 μm thick, and finely verruculose. Hyaline, thin-walled sterile cells were present. This identification was confirmed by K. Vánky (personal communication to A. R. Wood). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this smut species from southern Africa. A voucher specimen has been deposited in the South African National Collection of Fungi, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute (PREM 59895). To test pathogenicity, soil in 15 pots with individual 1-month-old seedlings was drenched with an aqueous suspension of 1 × 108spores ml–1 amended with 0.1% Tween 80. Before treatment, the pots were placed on pot trays and remained immersed in the spore suspension in the trays at 28°C (relative humidity <80%) for 24 h. To maintain the spore concentration in the soil, the pots were not watered until 7 days after inoculation. Distilled water amended with 0.1% Tween 80 was applied as control treatments to a further 15 pots with plants. Five of the treated plants produced panicles within 4 months of inoculation. Of these, all the ovaries of four emerging inflorescences were completely replaced with a brown, powdery mass of teliospores. No smutted panicles developed on the control plants. This smut fungus may have potential as a classical biological control agent for use against I. cylindrica by reducing dispersal by seed. 2009 2018-01-15T10:50:51Z 2018-01-15T10:50:51Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/90206 en Limited Access Wood, A.R., Den Breeyen, A. & Beed, F. (2009). First report of smut on imperata cylindrica caused by sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa. Plant Disease, 93(3), 322-322. |
| spellingShingle | spore inoculation fungus cylindrical smut inflorescences Wood, A.R. Breeyen, A. den Beed, Fenton D. First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title | First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title_full | First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title_short | First report of smut on Imperata cylindrica caused by Sporisorium schweinfurthianum in South Africa |
| title_sort | first report of smut on imperata cylindrica caused by sporisorium schweinfurthianum in south africa |
| topic | spore inoculation fungus cylindrical smut inflorescences |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/90206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT woodar firstreportofsmutonimperatacylindricacausedbysporisoriumschweinfurthianuminsouthafrica AT breeyenaden firstreportofsmutonimperatacylindricacausedbysporisoriumschweinfurthianuminsouthafrica AT beedfentond firstreportofsmutonimperatacylindricacausedbysporisoriumschweinfurthianuminsouthafrica |