Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute mosquito-borne viral zoonosis whose outbreaks are often associated with prolonged rainfall and flooding, during which large numbers of vectors emerge. Recent studies into the inter-epidemic maintenance of RVF virus (RVFV) suggest that both vertical transmission in...

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Main Authors: Mbotha, D., Bett, Bernard K., Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W., Grace, Delia, Kihara, Absolomon, Wainaina, M., Hoppenheit, A., Clausen, Peter-Henning, Lindahl, Johanna F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Hindawi Limited 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82988
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author Mbotha, D.
Bett, Bernard K.
Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W.
Grace, Delia
Kihara, Absolomon
Wainaina, M.
Hoppenheit, A.
Clausen, Peter-Henning
Lindahl, Johanna F.
author_browse Bett, Bernard K.
Clausen, Peter-Henning
Grace, Delia
Hoppenheit, A.
Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W.
Kihara, Absolomon
Lindahl, Johanna F.
Mbotha, D.
Wainaina, M.
author_facet Mbotha, D.
Bett, Bernard K.
Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W.
Grace, Delia
Kihara, Absolomon
Wainaina, M.
Hoppenheit, A.
Clausen, Peter-Henning
Lindahl, Johanna F.
author_sort Mbotha, D.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute mosquito-borne viral zoonosis whose outbreaks are often associated with prolonged rainfall and flooding, during which large numbers of vectors emerge. Recent studies into the inter-epidemic maintenance of RVF virus (RVFV) suggest that both vertical transmission in vectors and direct transmission between hosts act in combination with predisposing factors for persistence of the virus. A comparative longitudinal survey was carried out in Tana River County, Kenya, in irrigated, riverine and pastoral ecosystems from September 2014–June 2015. The objectives were to investigate the possibility of low-level RVFV transmission in these ecosystems during an inter-epidemic period (IEP), examine variations in RVFV seroprevalence in sheep and goats and determine the risk factors for transmission. Three hundred and sixteen small ruminants were selected and tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against RVFV nucleoprotein using a competitive ELISA during six visits. Data on potential risk factors were also captured. Inter-epidemic RVFV transmission was evidenced by 15 seroconversions within the irrigated and riverine villages. The number of seroconversions was not significantly different (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.19–2.17, p = .59) between irrigated and riverine areas. No seroconversions were detected in the pastoral ecosystem. This study highlights the increased risk of inter-epidemic RVFV transmission posed by irrigation, through provision of necessary environmental conditions that enable vectors access to more breeding grounds, resting places and shade, which favour their breeding and survival.
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spelling CGSpace829882024-08-27T10:35:40Z Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya Mbotha, D. Bett, Bernard K. Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W. Grace, Delia Kihara, Absolomon Wainaina, M. Hoppenheit, A. Clausen, Peter-Henning Lindahl, Johanna F. animal diseases irrigation zoonoses Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute mosquito-borne viral zoonosis whose outbreaks are often associated with prolonged rainfall and flooding, during which large numbers of vectors emerge. Recent studies into the inter-epidemic maintenance of RVF virus (RVFV) suggest that both vertical transmission in vectors and direct transmission between hosts act in combination with predisposing factors for persistence of the virus. A comparative longitudinal survey was carried out in Tana River County, Kenya, in irrigated, riverine and pastoral ecosystems from September 2014–June 2015. The objectives were to investigate the possibility of low-level RVFV transmission in these ecosystems during an inter-epidemic period (IEP), examine variations in RVFV seroprevalence in sheep and goats and determine the risk factors for transmission. Three hundred and sixteen small ruminants were selected and tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against RVFV nucleoprotein using a competitive ELISA during six visits. Data on potential risk factors were also captured. Inter-epidemic RVFV transmission was evidenced by 15 seroconversions within the irrigated and riverine villages. The number of seroconversions was not significantly different (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.19–2.17, p = .59) between irrigated and riverine areas. No seroconversions were detected in the pastoral ecosystem. This study highlights the increased risk of inter-epidemic RVFV transmission posed by irrigation, through provision of necessary environmental conditions that enable vectors access to more breeding grounds, resting places and shade, which favour their breeding and survival. 2018-02 2017-08-02T09:34:06Z 2017-08-02T09:34:06Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82988 en Open Access Hindawi Limited Mbotha, D., Bett, B., Kairu-Wanyoike, S., Grace, D., Kihara, A., Wainaina, M., Hoppenheit, A., Clausen, P.-H. and Lindahl, J. 2018. Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 65(1): e55–e62.
spellingShingle animal diseases
irrigation
zoonoses
Mbotha, D.
Bett, Bernard K.
Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W.
Grace, Delia
Kihara, Absolomon
Wainaina, M.
Hoppenheit, A.
Clausen, Peter-Henning
Lindahl, Johanna F.
Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title_full Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title_fullStr Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title_short Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya
title_sort inter epidemic rift valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in bura south east kenya
topic animal diseases
irrigation
zoonoses
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82988
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