Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme
During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites and,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés Alemán |
| Published: |
Wiley
1989
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82678 |
| _version_ | 1855540821681504256 |
|---|---|
| author | Neuenschwander, Peter Haug, T. Ajounu, O. Davis, H. Akinwumi, B. Madojemu, E. |
| author_browse | Ajounu, O. Akinwumi, B. Davis, H. Haug, T. Madojemu, E. Neuenschwander, Peter |
| author_facet | Neuenschwander, Peter Haug, T. Ajounu, O. Davis, H. Akinwumi, B. Madojemu, E. |
| author_sort | Neuenschwander, Peter |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites and, in 1988, occurred in 18 African countries over 1.5 mio. km2. Its efficiency in permanently reducing CM populations has been documented.
E. lopezi was reared on its original host plant, cassava, and on the original insect host, the CM. Rearing methods for plants, CM, and E. lopezi were developed in the course of the actual production of parasitoids for release. Continuous production without bottlenecks was assured by >50 rearing units with potted plants and by large mechanized cages with hydroponic cultures, where cassava, insect host and parasitoid were reared in the same unit. Timing of parasitoid infestation and inoculum size were improved through in-depth biological and ecological studies. Host instar preference, host feeding and other nutritional requirements, mutilation of hosts, low reproductive capacity, superparasitism, and developmental time were taken into account for efficient rearing, storage, and transport.
The successful establishment of E. lopezi, its spread, and efficiency in Africa attest to the production of sufficient numbers of wasps of high quality. Insect and plant studies, technology development, and careful supervision contributed to good quality which, in inoculative releases, takes precedence over high numbers. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace82678 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés Alemán |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateRange | 1989 |
| publishDateSort | 1989 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| publisherStr | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace826782024-05-01T08:19:48Z Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme Neuenschwander, Peter Haug, T. Ajounu, O. Davis, H. Akinwumi, B. Madojemu, E. cassava nutritional requirements biological control epidinocarsis lopezi inoculative natural enemies mealybug parasitoid culture During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites and, in 1988, occurred in 18 African countries over 1.5 mio. km2. Its efficiency in permanently reducing CM populations has been documented. E. lopezi was reared on its original host plant, cassava, and on the original insect host, the CM. Rearing methods for plants, CM, and E. lopezi were developed in the course of the actual production of parasitoids for release. Continuous production without bottlenecks was assured by >50 rearing units with potted plants and by large mechanized cages with hydroponic cultures, where cassava, insect host and parasitoid were reared in the same unit. Timing of parasitoid infestation and inoculum size were improved through in-depth biological and ecological studies. Host instar preference, host feeding and other nutritional requirements, mutilation of hosts, low reproductive capacity, superparasitism, and developmental time were taken into account for efficient rearing, storage, and transport. The successful establishment of E. lopezi, its spread, and efficiency in Africa attest to the production of sufficient numbers of wasps of high quality. Insect and plant studies, technology development, and careful supervision contributed to good quality which, in inoculative releases, takes precedence over high numbers. 1989-01-12 2017-07-06T12:43:41Z 2017-07-06T12:43:41Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82678 en de Limited Access Wiley Neuenschwander, P., Haug, T., Ajounu, O., Davis, H., Akinwumi, B. & Madojemu, E. (1989). Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: Practical experience from a successful biological control programme. Journal of Applied Entomology, 108(1‐5), 409-420. |
| spellingShingle | cassava nutritional requirements biological control epidinocarsis lopezi inoculative natural enemies mealybug parasitoid culture Neuenschwander, Peter Haug, T. Ajounu, O. Davis, H. Akinwumi, B. Madojemu, E. Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title | Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title_full | Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title_fullStr | Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title_short | Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| title_sort | quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release practical experience from a successful biological control programme |
| topic | cassava nutritional requirements biological control epidinocarsis lopezi inoculative natural enemies mealybug parasitoid culture |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82678 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT neuenschwanderpeter qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme AT haugt qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme AT ajounuo qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme AT davish qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme AT akinwumib qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme AT madojemue qualityrequirementsinnaturalenemiesusedforinoculativereleasepracticalexperiencefromasuccessfulbiologicalcontrolprogramme |