Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is a major nutritional public health problem among children under-5-years-old in the developing world including Kenya. A community-based crosssectional survey among 1,630 children (aged 6-23 mos) was undertaken in Western Kenya. A questionnaire was administered to col...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
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African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development
2016
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/81128 |
| _version_ | 1855540077533331456 |
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| author | Oyunga, M.A. Grant, F. Omondi, Dennis O. Ouédraogo, H. Levin, C. Low, Jan W. |
| author_browse | Grant, F. Levin, C. Low, Jan W. Omondi, Dennis O. Ouédraogo, H. Oyunga, M.A. |
| author_facet | Oyunga, M.A. Grant, F. Omondi, Dennis O. Ouédraogo, H. Levin, C. Low, Jan W. |
| author_sort | Oyunga, M.A. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is a major nutritional public health problem among children under-5-years-old in the developing world including Kenya. A community-based crosssectional survey among 1,630 children (aged 6-23 mos) was undertaken in Western Kenya. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic, socio-economic and dietary intake information. Prevalence of low retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations was assessed using Dried Blood Spot (DBS) methodology. Analysis of RBP was carried out using rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was carried out using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate VA and sub-clinical inflammation statuses, respectively. Values were adjusted for influence of inflammation using CRP (CRP >5 mg/L) and population prevalence of VAD (RBP <0.825 µmol/L, biologically equivalent to 0.70 µmol/L retinol) estimated. Anthropometric data gave three indices: stunting, wasting and underweight—all of which took age and sex into consideration. Mean (geometric± SD) concentration of RBP was adequate (1.56±0.79µmol/L) but the inflammation-adjusted mean (±SE) prevalence of VAD was high (20.1±1.1%) in this population. The level of CRP was within normal range (1.06±4.95 mg/L) whilst 18.4±0.9% of the children had subclinical inflammation (CRP>5 mg/L). Intake of VA capsule (VAC) by a child was a predictor of VAD with children who have not taken VA during the past 1 year prior to the survey having a 30% increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.3 (1.1-1.7); p=0.025. Additionally, age of the child was a predictor with older children (18-23 mos) having a 30 % increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.3 (1.1-1.9); p=0.035); the caretaker’s knowledge on VA and nutrition was also a predictor of VAD with children whose caretaker’s had poor knowledge having a 40 % increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.4 (1.0-1.9); p=0.027. A child’s district of residence was also a significant predictor of VAD. Prevalence of VAD in this sample of infants was high. Predictors of VAD included child intake of VAC in the last 1 year before the survey, older children, children whose caretakers had poor VA and nutritional knowledge and a child’s district of residence. There is a need to improve knowledge on nutrition and VA of caretakers; undertake a targeted VAC distribution, particularly in children older than 1 year and above and use a sustainable food-based intervention in the areas with severe VAD. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace81128 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |
| publisherStr | African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace811282024-11-14T08:05:30Z Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis Oyunga, M.A. Grant, F. Omondi, Dennis O. Ouédraogo, H. Levin, C. Low, Jan W. sweet potatoes vitamins vitamin deficiencies nutrition Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is a major nutritional public health problem among children under-5-years-old in the developing world including Kenya. A community-based crosssectional survey among 1,630 children (aged 6-23 mos) was undertaken in Western Kenya. A questionnaire was administered to collect demographic, socio-economic and dietary intake information. Prevalence of low retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations was assessed using Dried Blood Spot (DBS) methodology. Analysis of RBP was carried out using rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was carried out using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate VA and sub-clinical inflammation statuses, respectively. Values were adjusted for influence of inflammation using CRP (CRP >5 mg/L) and population prevalence of VAD (RBP <0.825 µmol/L, biologically equivalent to 0.70 µmol/L retinol) estimated. Anthropometric data gave three indices: stunting, wasting and underweight—all of which took age and sex into consideration. Mean (geometric± SD) concentration of RBP was adequate (1.56±0.79µmol/L) but the inflammation-adjusted mean (±SE) prevalence of VAD was high (20.1±1.1%) in this population. The level of CRP was within normal range (1.06±4.95 mg/L) whilst 18.4±0.9% of the children had subclinical inflammation (CRP>5 mg/L). Intake of VA capsule (VAC) by a child was a predictor of VAD with children who have not taken VA during the past 1 year prior to the survey having a 30% increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.3 (1.1-1.7); p=0.025. Additionally, age of the child was a predictor with older children (18-23 mos) having a 30 % increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.3 (1.1-1.9); p=0.035); the caretaker’s knowledge on VA and nutrition was also a predictor of VAD with children whose caretaker’s had poor knowledge having a 40 % increased risk of VAD (OR (CI): 1.4 (1.0-1.9); p=0.027. A child’s district of residence was also a significant predictor of VAD. Prevalence of VAD in this sample of infants was high. Predictors of VAD included child intake of VAC in the last 1 year before the survey, older children, children whose caretakers had poor VA and nutritional knowledge and a child’s district of residence. There is a need to improve knowledge on nutrition and VA of caretakers; undertake a targeted VAC distribution, particularly in children older than 1 year and above and use a sustainable food-based intervention in the areas with severe VAD. 2016-03 2017-05-18T19:30:11Z 2017-05-18T19:30:11Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/81128 en Open Access African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Oyunga, M.A.; Grant, F.K.E.; Omondi, D.O.; Ouedraogo, H.; Levin, C.; Low, J.W. 2016. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. ISSN 1684-5374. 16(1):10765-10786. |
| spellingShingle | sweet potatoes vitamins vitamin deficiencies nutrition Oyunga, M.A. Grant, F. Omondi, Dennis O. Ouédraogo, H. Levin, C. Low, Jan W. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title | Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in Western Kenya using a cross-sectional analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence and predictors of vitamin a deficiency among infants in western kenya using a cross sectional analysis |
| topic | sweet potatoes vitamins vitamin deficiencies nutrition |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/81128 |
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