Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia
Cassava is probably the most efficient producer of carbohydrate per unit land area under tropical conditions. The high productivity of cassava makes it an attractive source of renewable industrial raw material, provided ways are found to reduce production costs and solve constraints. Cassava has a l...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference Paper |
| Language: | Inglés |
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International Center for Tropical Agriculture
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/80333 |
| _version_ | 1855533334131638272 |
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| author | Fregene, Martin A. Ceballos, H. Roca, W. Okogbenin, Emmanuel Akano, A. Mba, Chikelu Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul Tohme, Joseph M. Ospina Patiño, Bernardo |
| author_browse | Akano, A. Ceballos, H. Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul Fregene, Martin A. Mba, Chikelu Okogbenin, Emmanuel Ospina Patiño, Bernardo Roca, W. Tohme, Joseph M. |
| author_facet | Fregene, Martin A. Ceballos, H. Roca, W. Okogbenin, Emmanuel Akano, A. Mba, Chikelu Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul Tohme, Joseph M. Ospina Patiño, Bernardo |
| author_sort | Fregene, Martin A. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Cassava is probably the most efficient producer of carbohydrate per unit land area under tropical conditions. The high productivity of cassava makes it an attractive source of renewable industrial raw material, provided ways are found to reduce production costs and solve constraints. Cassava has a long growth cycle, anywhere from 8-24 months, which means that it is visited by many pests that may also transmit diseases. It is vegetatively propagated, and securing sufficient and healthy planting material can be a problem for many small farmers. Biotechnology can contribute to solutions of these problems and realize great benefits for cassava farmers. Since the 1980s CIAT has worked to realize the potential of biotechnology for cassava, especially to solve those problems that can not be dealt with effectively through conventional approaches. Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT falls into three broad areas, namely: genetic transformation, molecular marker development/marker-assisted breeding, and the rapid multiplication of healthy planting material.
Genetic transformation projects include the engineering of cassava with the bt gene for resistance to the cassava stem borer (Chilomina clarkei), and other pests susceptible to the bt protein; the production of herbicide resistant cassava, Round-up ready cassava; and the bio-engineering of cassava for the production of novel polymers.
The CIAT molecular genetic map of cassava --- the first such map to be constructed entirely at a CGIAR center --- is being applied to dissect complex traits, such as early bulking, and to realize earlier unachievable goals, such as breeding for resistance to the African Cassava Mosaic Disease (ACMD) in Latin America. ACMD is not only the most serious constraint of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa, but is also a potential threat in tropical America and Asia. The whitefly biotype that serves as the virus's vector has already been found in the Caribbean and in Brazil, and it is a matter of time before the virus appears as well. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the map have also been employed in the characterization of genetic diversity, towards a definition of heterotic patterns in cassava.
The rate of spread of a successful variety continues to remain slow. Rapid propagation of cassava, using the continuous media cycling method (RITA), is being tested to provide large quantities of disease-free material to farmers or to commercial producers of planting material. The CIAT cassava biotechnology team also works in partnership with the Latin American and Caribbean Cassava Consortium (CLAYUCA) to apply biotechnology to overcome constraints of cassava, and to make the crop more competitive, both as a source of food and as raw material for animal feed and other industrial uses. Such alliances between the public and private sectors to solve problems of mutual concern, are the best hope for increasing the income of millions of poor producers and consumers through cutting-edge science. |
| format | Conference Paper |
| id | CGSpace80333 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateRange | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | International Center for Tropical Agriculture |
| publisherStr | International Center for Tropical Agriculture |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace803332023-02-15T05:51:20Z Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia Fregene, Martin A. Ceballos, H. Roca, W. Okogbenin, Emmanuel Akano, A. Mba, Chikelu Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul Tohme, Joseph M. Ospina Patiño, Bernardo manihot esculenta plant biotechnology genetic markers breeding genetic variation transgenic plants disease resistance tissue culture biotecnología vegetal marcadores genéticos fitomejoramiento variación genética plantas transgénicas resistencia a la enfermedad cultivo de tejidos Cassava is probably the most efficient producer of carbohydrate per unit land area under tropical conditions. The high productivity of cassava makes it an attractive source of renewable industrial raw material, provided ways are found to reduce production costs and solve constraints. Cassava has a long growth cycle, anywhere from 8-24 months, which means that it is visited by many pests that may also transmit diseases. It is vegetatively propagated, and securing sufficient and healthy planting material can be a problem for many small farmers. Biotechnology can contribute to solutions of these problems and realize great benefits for cassava farmers. Since the 1980s CIAT has worked to realize the potential of biotechnology for cassava, especially to solve those problems that can not be dealt with effectively through conventional approaches. Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT falls into three broad areas, namely: genetic transformation, molecular marker development/marker-assisted breeding, and the rapid multiplication of healthy planting material. Genetic transformation projects include the engineering of cassava with the bt gene for resistance to the cassava stem borer (Chilomina clarkei), and other pests susceptible to the bt protein; the production of herbicide resistant cassava, Round-up ready cassava; and the bio-engineering of cassava for the production of novel polymers. The CIAT molecular genetic map of cassava --- the first such map to be constructed entirely at a CGIAR center --- is being applied to dissect complex traits, such as early bulking, and to realize earlier unachievable goals, such as breeding for resistance to the African Cassava Mosaic Disease (ACMD) in Latin America. ACMD is not only the most serious constraint of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa, but is also a potential threat in tropical America and Asia. The whitefly biotype that serves as the virus's vector has already been found in the Caribbean and in Brazil, and it is a matter of time before the virus appears as well. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the map have also been employed in the characterization of genetic diversity, towards a definition of heterotic patterns in cassava. The rate of spread of a successful variety continues to remain slow. Rapid propagation of cassava, using the continuous media cycling method (RITA), is being tested to provide large quantities of disease-free material to farmers or to commercial producers of planting material. The CIAT cassava biotechnology team also works in partnership with the Latin American and Caribbean Cassava Consortium (CLAYUCA) to apply biotechnology to overcome constraints of cassava, and to make the crop more competitive, both as a source of food and as raw material for animal feed and other industrial uses. Such alliances between the public and private sectors to solve problems of mutual concern, are the best hope for increasing the income of millions of poor producers and consumers through cutting-edge science. 2001 2017-03-14T10:57:23Z 2017-03-14T10:57:23Z Conference Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/80333 en Open Access International Center for Tropical Agriculture Cassava Office for Asia Fregene, Martin A.; Ceballos, Hernán; Roca, William M.; Okogbenin, Emmanuel; Akano, A.; Mba, Chikelu; Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul; Tohme M., Joseph; Ospina Patiño, Bernardo. 2001. Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia . In: Howeler, Reinhardt H.; Tan, Swee Lian (eds.). Cassava's potential in Asia in the 21st Century: Present situation and future research and development needs: Proceedings of the sixth Regional workshop, held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Feb. 21-25, 2000 . Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cassava Office for Asia, Bangkok, TH. p. 625-631. |
| spellingShingle | manihot esculenta plant biotechnology genetic markers breeding genetic variation transgenic plants disease resistance tissue culture biotecnología vegetal marcadores genéticos fitomejoramiento variación genética plantas transgénicas resistencia a la enfermedad cultivo de tejidos Fregene, Martin A. Ceballos, H. Roca, W. Okogbenin, Emmanuel Akano, A. Mba, Chikelu Chavarriaga Aguirre, Paul Tohme, Joseph M. Ospina Patiño, Bernardo Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title | Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title_full | Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title_short | Cassava biotechnology research at CIAT/Colombia |
| title_sort | cassava biotechnology research at ciat colombia |
| topic | manihot esculenta plant biotechnology genetic markers breeding genetic variation transgenic plants disease resistance tissue culture biotecnología vegetal marcadores genéticos fitomejoramiento variación genética plantas transgénicas resistencia a la enfermedad cultivo de tejidos |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/80333 |
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