Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program
Many developing countries lack sufficient resources to conduct animal disease surveillance. In recent years, participatory epidemiology has been used to increase the cover and decrease the costs of surveillance. However, few diagnostic performance assessments have been carried out on participatory m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
American Association of Avian Pathologists
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/79420 |
| _version_ | 1855538905091145728 |
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| author | Verdugo, Cristobal El Masry, I. Makonnen, Y. Hannah, H. Unger, Fred Soliman, M. Galal, S. Lubroth, J. Grace, Delia |
| author_browse | El Masry, I. Galal, S. Grace, Delia Hannah, H. Lubroth, J. Makonnen, Y. Soliman, M. Unger, Fred Verdugo, Cristobal |
| author_facet | Verdugo, Cristobal El Masry, I. Makonnen, Y. Hannah, H. Unger, Fred Soliman, M. Galal, S. Lubroth, J. Grace, Delia |
| author_sort | Verdugo, Cristobal |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Many developing countries lack sufficient resources to conduct animal disease surveillance. In recent years, participatory epidemiology has been used to increase the cover and decrease the costs of surveillance. However, few diagnostic performance assessments have been carried out on participatory methods. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of practitioners working for the Community-Based Animal Health and Outreach (CAHO) program, which is a participatory disease surveillance system for the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Egypt. CAHO practitioners' diagnostic assessment of inspected birds was compared with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test results at the household level. Diagnostic performance was estimated directly from two-by-two tables using RRT-PCR as a reference test in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, only results from chickens were considered. In the second scenario, results for all poultry species were analyzed. Poultry flocks in 916 households located in 717 villages were inspected by CAHO practitioners, who collected 3458 bird samples. In the first scenario, CAHO practitioners presented sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) estimates of 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21%–59%) and 92% (95% CI: 91%–94%), respectively. In the second scenario, diagnostic performance estimates were Se = 47% (95% CI: 29%–65%) and Sp = 88% (95% CI: 86%–90%). A significant difference was observed only between Sp estimates (P < 0.01). Practitioners' diagnostics and RRT-PCR results were in very poor agreement with kappa values of 0.16 and 0.14 for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. However, the use of a broad case definition, the possible presence of immunity against the virus in replacement birds, and the low prevalence observed during the survey would negatively affect the practitioners' performance. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace79420 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | American Association of Avian Pathologists |
| publisherStr | American Association of Avian Pathologists |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace794202024-11-15T08:53:03Z Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program Verdugo, Cristobal El Masry, I. Makonnen, Y. Hannah, H. Unger, Fred Soliman, M. Galal, S. Lubroth, J. Grace, Delia epidemiology zoonoses Many developing countries lack sufficient resources to conduct animal disease surveillance. In recent years, participatory epidemiology has been used to increase the cover and decrease the costs of surveillance. However, few diagnostic performance assessments have been carried out on participatory methods. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of practitioners working for the Community-Based Animal Health and Outreach (CAHO) program, which is a participatory disease surveillance system for the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Egypt. CAHO practitioners' diagnostic assessment of inspected birds was compared with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test results at the household level. Diagnostic performance was estimated directly from two-by-two tables using RRT-PCR as a reference test in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, only results from chickens were considered. In the second scenario, results for all poultry species were analyzed. Poultry flocks in 916 households located in 717 villages were inspected by CAHO practitioners, who collected 3458 bird samples. In the first scenario, CAHO practitioners presented sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) estimates of 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21%–59%) and 92% (95% CI: 91%–94%), respectively. In the second scenario, diagnostic performance estimates were Se = 47% (95% CI: 29%–65%) and Sp = 88% (95% CI: 86%–90%). A significant difference was observed only between Sp estimates (P < 0.01). Practitioners' diagnostics and RRT-PCR results were in very poor agreement with kappa values of 0.16 and 0.14 for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. However, the use of a broad case definition, the possible presence of immunity against the virus in replacement birds, and the low prevalence observed during the survey would negatively affect the practitioners' performance. 2016-09-19 2017-01-27T16:17:10Z 2017-01-27T16:17:10Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/79420 en Limited Access American Association of Avian Pathologists Verdugo, C, El Masry, I., Makonnen, Y., Hannah, H., Unger, F., Soliman, M., Galal, S., Lubroth, J. and Grace, D. 2016. Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program. Avian Diseases 60(4): 805–809. |
| spellingShingle | epidemiology zoonoses Verdugo, Cristobal El Masry, I. Makonnen, Y. Hannah, H. Unger, Fred Soliman, M. Galal, S. Lubroth, J. Grace, Delia Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title | Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title_full | Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title_short | Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| title_sort | sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the egyptian participatory disease surveillance program |
| topic | epidemiology zoonoses |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/79420 |
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