Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya
Re-emerging infectious diseases can cause serious health and economic effects in a society. West Nile virus fever is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in nature within a cycle between mosquito vectors and birds. This virus was first isolated in Uganda with subsequent reports of epidemics...
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| Format: | Tesis |
| Language: | Inglés |
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University of Nairobi
2016
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/78812 |
| _version_ | 1855528306454036480 |
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| author | Nyamwaya, D.K. |
| author_browse | Nyamwaya, D.K. |
| author_facet | Nyamwaya, D.K. |
| author_sort | Nyamwaya, D.K. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Re-emerging infectious diseases can cause serious health and economic effects in a society.
West Nile virus fever is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in nature within a cycle
between mosquito vectors and birds. This virus was first isolated in Uganda with subsequent
reports of epidemics globally. In order to establish effective monitoring and surveillance
measures, knowledge on the ecological and transmission patterns is necessary. This study
aimed at determining the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus. Blood samples were
obtained from 361 randomly sampled wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya, in the months
of October and December 2014. The samples were subjected to nucleic acid based screening
for West Nile virus using the virus specific primers in real time polymerase chain reaction
after total ribonucleic acid extraction. The amplification was carried out against a standard
curve generated using serial dilutions of a synthetic positive control. A total of 65 samples
exhibited positive amplification with a high cycle threshold value of 30. Visualization of the
amplified fragments on agarose gel revealed bands of targeted 445 base pair fragments.
Sanger sequences of 5 of the samples indicated genetic relationship to West Nile virus
XJ11141, XJ11129, XJ11148 and Ast-986 strains initially isolated from China and Russia.
Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates with described lineage 1 strains in Genebank. A
regression analysis indicated that the sampling location influenced the occurrence of West
Nile virus while species, age, weight and sex of the birds did not have any effect. This study
provides baseline information on the existing circulation of the virus in this region among
wild birds that could spill into the human population and points to the need for
implementation of surveillance programs. Therefore, there is need to enhance awareness in
the public health department of this region to contain its circulation |
| format | Tesis |
| id | CGSpace78812 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | University of Nairobi |
| publisherStr | University of Nairobi |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace788122023-12-08T19:43:41Z Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya Nyamwaya, D.K. epidemiology animal diseases viruses research zoonoses Re-emerging infectious diseases can cause serious health and economic effects in a society. West Nile virus fever is a zoonotic arboviral infection maintained in nature within a cycle between mosquito vectors and birds. This virus was first isolated in Uganda with subsequent reports of epidemics globally. In order to establish effective monitoring and surveillance measures, knowledge on the ecological and transmission patterns is necessary. This study aimed at determining the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus. Blood samples were obtained from 361 randomly sampled wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya, in the months of October and December 2014. The samples were subjected to nucleic acid based screening for West Nile virus using the virus specific primers in real time polymerase chain reaction after total ribonucleic acid extraction. The amplification was carried out against a standard curve generated using serial dilutions of a synthetic positive control. A total of 65 samples exhibited positive amplification with a high cycle threshold value of 30. Visualization of the amplified fragments on agarose gel revealed bands of targeted 445 base pair fragments. Sanger sequences of 5 of the samples indicated genetic relationship to West Nile virus XJ11141, XJ11129, XJ11148 and Ast-986 strains initially isolated from China and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates with described lineage 1 strains in Genebank. A regression analysis indicated that the sampling location influenced the occurrence of West Nile virus while species, age, weight and sex of the birds did not have any effect. This study provides baseline information on the existing circulation of the virus in this region among wild birds that could spill into the human population and points to the need for implementation of surveillance programs. Therefore, there is need to enhance awareness in the public health department of this region to contain its circulation 2016 2017-01-16T20:16:17Z 2017-01-16T20:16:17Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/10568/78812 en Open Access University of Nairobi Nyamwaya, D.K. 2016. Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya. MSc thesis. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi. |
| spellingShingle | epidemiology animal diseases viruses research zoonoses Nyamwaya, D.K. Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title | Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title_full | Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title_short | Determination of the main reservoir hosts of West Nile virus among wild birds in Tana River County, Kenya |
| title_sort | determination of the main reservoir hosts of west nile virus among wild birds in tana river county kenya |
| topic | epidemiology animal diseases viruses research zoonoses |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/78812 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nyamwayadk determinationofthemainreservoirhostsofwestnilevirusamongwildbirdsintanarivercountykenya |