Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers
The use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture has a long tradition throughout Asia. For example, in Hanoi, it creates important livelihood opportunities for > 500,000 farmers in peri-urban communities. Discharge of domestic effluents pollute the water streams with potential pathogenic organis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/75817 |
| _version_ | 1855526276315480064 |
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| author | Fuhrimann, S. Phuc Pham Duc Cissé, G. Nguyen Thuy Tram Hoang Thu Ha Do Trung Dung Pham Ngoc Hung Nguyen-Viet Tuan Anh Vuong Utzinger, J. Schindler, C. Winkler, Mirko S. |
| author_browse | Cissé, G. Do Trung Dung Fuhrimann, S. Hoang Thu Ha Hung Nguyen-Viet Nguyen Thuy Tram Pham Ngoc Phuc Pham Duc Schindler, C. Tuan Anh Vuong Utzinger, J. Winkler, Mirko S. |
| author_facet | Fuhrimann, S. Phuc Pham Duc Cissé, G. Nguyen Thuy Tram Hoang Thu Ha Do Trung Dung Pham Ngoc Hung Nguyen-Viet Tuan Anh Vuong Utzinger, J. Schindler, C. Winkler, Mirko S. |
| author_sort | Fuhrimann, S. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture has a long tradition throughout Asia. For example, in Hanoi, it creates important livelihood opportunities for > 500,000 farmers in peri-urban communities. Discharge of domestic effluents pollute the water streams with potential pathogenic organisms posing a public health threat to farmers and consumers of wastewater-fed foodstuff. We determined the effectiveness of Hanoi's wastewater conveyance system, placing particular emphasis on the quality of wastewater used in agriculture and aquaculture. Between April and June 2014, a total of 216 water samples were obtained from 24 sampling points and the concentrations of total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs determined. Despite applied wastewater treatment, agricultural field irrigation water was heavily contaminated with TC (1.3 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU)/100 mL), E. coli (1.1 × 106 CFU/100 mL) and Salmonella spp. (108 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL). These values are 110-fold above Vietnamese discharge limits for restricted agriculture and 260-fold above the World Health Organization (WHO)'s tolerable safety limits for unrestricted agriculture. Mean helminth egg concentrations were below WHO tolerable levels in all study systems (< 1 egg/L). Hence, elevated levels of bacterial contamination, but not helminth infections, pose a major health risk for farmers and consumers of wastewater fed-products. We propose a set of control measures that might protect the health of exposed population groups without compromising current urban farming activities. This study presents an important example for sanitation safety planning in a rapidly expanding Asian city and can guide public and private entities working towards Sustainable Development Goal target 6.3, that is to improve water quality by reducing pollution, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse globally. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace75817 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace758172024-05-01T08:17:32Z Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers Fuhrimann, S. Phuc Pham Duc Cissé, G. Nguyen Thuy Tram Hoang Thu Ha Do Trung Dung Pham Ngoc Hung Nguyen-Viet Tuan Anh Vuong Utzinger, J. Schindler, C. Winkler, Mirko S. health The use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture has a long tradition throughout Asia. For example, in Hanoi, it creates important livelihood opportunities for > 500,000 farmers in peri-urban communities. Discharge of domestic effluents pollute the water streams with potential pathogenic organisms posing a public health threat to farmers and consumers of wastewater-fed foodstuff. We determined the effectiveness of Hanoi's wastewater conveyance system, placing particular emphasis on the quality of wastewater used in agriculture and aquaculture. Between April and June 2014, a total of 216 water samples were obtained from 24 sampling points and the concentrations of total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs determined. Despite applied wastewater treatment, agricultural field irrigation water was heavily contaminated with TC (1.3 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU)/100 mL), E. coli (1.1 × 106 CFU/100 mL) and Salmonella spp. (108 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL). These values are 110-fold above Vietnamese discharge limits for restricted agriculture and 260-fold above the World Health Organization (WHO)'s tolerable safety limits for unrestricted agriculture. Mean helminth egg concentrations were below WHO tolerable levels in all study systems (< 1 egg/L). Hence, elevated levels of bacterial contamination, but not helminth infections, pose a major health risk for farmers and consumers of wastewater fed-products. We propose a set of control measures that might protect the health of exposed population groups without compromising current urban farming activities. This study presents an important example for sanitation safety planning in a rapidly expanding Asian city and can guide public and private entities working towards Sustainable Development Goal target 6.3, that is to improve water quality by reducing pollution, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and increasing recycling and safe reuse globally. 2016-10 2016-06-23T16:46:00Z 2016-06-23T16:46:00Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/75817 en Limited Access Elsevier Fuhrimann, S., Phuc Pham-Duc, Cissé, G., Nguyen Thuy Tram, Hoang Thu Ha, Do Trung Dung, Pham Ngoc, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Tuan Anh Vuong, Utzinger, J., Schindler, C. and Winkler, M.S. 2016. Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers. Science of The Total Environment 566–567:1014–1022. |
| spellingShingle | health Fuhrimann, S. Phuc Pham Duc Cissé, G. Nguyen Thuy Tram Hoang Thu Ha Do Trung Dung Pham Ngoc Hung Nguyen-Viet Tuan Anh Vuong Utzinger, J. Schindler, C. Winkler, Mirko S. Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title | Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title_full | Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title_fullStr | Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title_short | Microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of Hanoi, Vietnam, and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| title_sort | microbial contamination along the main open wastewater and storm water channel of hanoi vietnam and potential health risks for urban farmers |
| topic | health |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/75817 |
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