Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua
Nicaragua has already experienced substantial climate change, in part due to a loss of one half of its forest cover in the last half-century. In this study, we assess the extent to which historical climate trends have contributed to stagnating yields for maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/53064 |
| _version_ | 1855533312593887232 |
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| author | Gourdji, Sharon Läderach, Peter R.D. Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac Zelaya Martinez, Carlos Lobell, David B. |
| author_browse | Gourdji, Sharon Lobell, David B. Läderach, Peter R.D. Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac Zelaya Martinez, Carlos |
| author_facet | Gourdji, Sharon Läderach, Peter R.D. Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac Zelaya Martinez, Carlos Lobell, David B. |
| author_sort | Gourdji, Sharon |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Nicaragua has already experienced substantial climate change, in part due to a loss of one half of its forest cover in the last half-century. In this study, we assess the extent to which historical climate trends have contributed to stagnating yields for maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the two main staple crops in the country. We first analyze 40 years of historical weather data throughout Nicaragua to estimate trends, and assess the extent to which these trends correlate with spatial deforestation patterns. Then, we create a regression model linking department-level maize and bean yields with seasonal weather conditions, and use the model to estimate the impact of historical climate trends on yields. Regressions are run for yields on both harvested and sown area, with the latter accounting for the effect of complete crop losses. Results confirm strong warming trends throughout the country, with daytime temperatures in deforested areas warming at more than double the rate of global averages in the tropics. Decreases in rainfall frequency are also seen almost everywhere, along with an earlier end to the rainy season. Regression model results show, as expected, that red bean is a highly temperature-sensitive crop, and that maize is more water-limited than bean due to its longer seasonal duration. Warming temperatures and less frequent rainfall have led to drought-related losses for both crops in the main commercial production areas, while heavier rains at planting and harvest have also negatively affected yields, especially for bean. Moreover, reduced precipitation in December and January has negatively impacted production for bean in the commercially important apante, or dry season, on the humid Atlantic side of the country. In these areas, however, substantial model uncertainty remains for maize, with an alternative model formulation showing substantial benefits from drier and sunnier conditions. At an annual, national scale, beans have been more affected by climate trends since 1970 than maize, with −5% yield declines per decade on harvested area for bean and −4% for maize, and −12% and −7% yield declines respectively on sown area (with the alternative model showing gains for maize). Climate adaptation responses include government efforts to limit bean exports to control consumer prices, a switch from red to black bean for commercial sales and export, and area expansion and migration for bean in order to maintain production levels. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace53064 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace530642025-04-17T08:26:38Z Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua Gourdji, Sharon Läderach, Peter R.D. Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac Zelaya Martinez, Carlos Lobell, David B. climate change yields phaseolos vulgaris models zea mays deforestation beans maize cambio climatico rendimiento modelos deforestación maíz Nicaragua has already experienced substantial climate change, in part due to a loss of one half of its forest cover in the last half-century. In this study, we assess the extent to which historical climate trends have contributed to stagnating yields for maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the two main staple crops in the country. We first analyze 40 years of historical weather data throughout Nicaragua to estimate trends, and assess the extent to which these trends correlate with spatial deforestation patterns. Then, we create a regression model linking department-level maize and bean yields with seasonal weather conditions, and use the model to estimate the impact of historical climate trends on yields. Regressions are run for yields on both harvested and sown area, with the latter accounting for the effect of complete crop losses. Results confirm strong warming trends throughout the country, with daytime temperatures in deforested areas warming at more than double the rate of global averages in the tropics. Decreases in rainfall frequency are also seen almost everywhere, along with an earlier end to the rainy season. Regression model results show, as expected, that red bean is a highly temperature-sensitive crop, and that maize is more water-limited than bean due to its longer seasonal duration. Warming temperatures and less frequent rainfall have led to drought-related losses for both crops in the main commercial production areas, while heavier rains at planting and harvest have also negatively affected yields, especially for bean. Moreover, reduced precipitation in December and January has negatively impacted production for bean in the commercially important apante, or dry season, on the humid Atlantic side of the country. In these areas, however, substantial model uncertainty remains for maize, with an alternative model formulation showing substantial benefits from drier and sunnier conditions. At an annual, national scale, beans have been more affected by climate trends since 1970 than maize, with −5% yield declines per decade on harvested area for bean and −4% for maize, and −12% and −7% yield declines respectively on sown area (with the alternative model showing gains for maize). Climate adaptation responses include government efforts to limit bean exports to control consumer prices, a switch from red to black bean for commercial sales and export, and area expansion and migration for bean in order to maintain production levels. 2015-01 2015-01-19T18:44:51Z 2015-01-19T18:44:51Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/53064 en Open Access Elsevier Gourdji, Sharon; Läderach, Peter; Martinez Valle, Armando; Zelaya Martinez, Carlos; Lobell, David B.. 2014. Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 200 (15): 270-281. |
| spellingShingle | climate change yields phaseolos vulgaris models zea mays deforestation beans maize cambio climatico rendimiento modelos deforestación maíz Gourdji, Sharon Läderach, Peter R.D. Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac Zelaya Martinez, Carlos Lobell, David B. Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title | Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title_full | Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title_fullStr | Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title_full_unstemmed | Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title_short | Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua |
| title_sort | historical climate trends deforestation and maize and bean yields in nicaragua |
| topic | climate change yields phaseolos vulgaris models zea mays deforestation beans maize cambio climatico rendimiento modelos deforestación maíz |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/53064 |
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