Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito
Dual purpose systems represent 78% of the bovine inventory in tropical Latin America and contribute approximately 42% of the fresh milk produced. However, these systems are characterized by low animal productivity due mainly to the use of low quality, poorly managed forages, and to low genetic poten...
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
| Publicado: |
2006
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/44266 |
| _version_ | 1855531615474679808 |
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| author | Argel M., Pedro J. |
| author_browse | Argel M., Pedro J. |
| author_facet | Argel M., Pedro J. |
| author_sort | Argel M., Pedro J. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Dual purpose systems represent 78% of the bovine inventory in tropical Latin America and contribute approximately 42% of the fresh milk produced. However, these systems are characterized by low animal productivity due mainly to the use of low quality, poorly managed forages, and to low genetic potential of the animals. During recent decades the Tropical Forages Project of CIAT and national research and development institutions have identified and characterized forage grasses and legumes adapted to wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions that are in a process increasing adoptation and have significantly increased plantings of improved forages in regions of Panama, Mexico and Central America. Increases in animal productivity are estimated as 26% for milk and 6% for beef due exclusively to the adoption of Brachiaria cultivars. More recently, the commercial availability of cv. Mulato, an apomictic hybrid of Brachiaria has resulted in increased milk and beef productivity in dual purpose farms due mainly to high production of good quality forage that permits a higher stocking rate per unit area. Similarly, shrub legumes such as Cratylia argentea can substitute for high cost supplements such as poultry manure during the dry season in dual purpose farms. The perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) in association with stoloniferous grasses has resulted in productivity increases of 15% milk and 20% beef in experimental plots, with the additional benefit of increasing soil biological activity, notably in the form of higher earthworm populations. It is a demonstrated fact that the utilization of properly managed improved forages not only permits increasing animal productivity, but also reduces soil erosion problems and allows the release of on-farm land not suited for grazing for other uses such as reforestation. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace44266 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Español |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateRange | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace442662025-05-15T09:40:30Z Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito Argel M., Pedro J. brachiaria hybrids cratylia arachis pintoi varieties animal husbandry seed production milk production meat production híbridos variedades ganadería producción de semilla producción lechera producción de carne Dual purpose systems represent 78% of the bovine inventory in tropical Latin America and contribute approximately 42% of the fresh milk produced. However, these systems are characterized by low animal productivity due mainly to the use of low quality, poorly managed forages, and to low genetic potential of the animals. During recent decades the Tropical Forages Project of CIAT and national research and development institutions have identified and characterized forage grasses and legumes adapted to wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions that are in a process increasing adoptation and have significantly increased plantings of improved forages in regions of Panama, Mexico and Central America. Increases in animal productivity are estimated as 26% for milk and 6% for beef due exclusively to the adoption of Brachiaria cultivars. More recently, the commercial availability of cv. Mulato, an apomictic hybrid of Brachiaria has resulted in increased milk and beef productivity in dual purpose farms due mainly to high production of good quality forage that permits a higher stocking rate per unit area. Similarly, shrub legumes such as Cratylia argentea can substitute for high cost supplements such as poultry manure during the dry season in dual purpose farms. The perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi) in association with stoloniferous grasses has resulted in productivity increases of 15% milk and 20% beef in experimental plots, with the additional benefit of increasing soil biological activity, notably in the form of higher earthworm populations. It is a demonstrated fact that the utilization of properly managed improved forages not only permits increasing animal productivity, but also reduces soil erosion problems and allows the release of on-farm land not suited for grazing for other uses such as reforestation. Los sistemas ganaderos de doble propósito representan el 78% del inventario ganadero en América Latina tropical y contribuyen con aproximadamente el 42% de la leche producida. Sin embargo, se caracterizan por baja productividad animal debido a sistemas deficientes de alimentación basados básicamente en forrajes de pobre calidad, mal manejados, y a la baja calidad genética de los animales. El Proyecto de Forrajes Tropicales de CIAT e instituciones nacionales de investigación han identificado y caracterizado en las últimas décadas gramíneas y leguminosas forrajeras con amplia adaptabilidad a condiciones adversas de clima y suelo, las cuales han venido en procesos crecientes de adopción y permitido incrementos significativos en las áreas establecidas con pastos mejorados en regiones de Panamá, México y Centroamérica. Los incrementos en productividad animal se estiman en 26% para leche y 6% para carne debido solamente a la adopción de cultivares de Brachiaria. En años recientes la disponibilidad comercial del cv. Mulato, un híbrido apomíctico de Brachiaria, ha permitido incrementar la productividad de leche y carne en fincas de doble propósito por la alta cantidad y buena calidad del forraje producido, lo que se traduce básicamente en mayor carga animal por unidad de superficie. Igualmente leguminosas arbustivas como Cratylia argentea reemplazan suplementos costosos como gallinaza y pollinaza durante la época seca en fincas de doble propósito; y el Maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi) asociado con gramíneas estoloníferas ha permitido incrementos de 15% en leche y 20% en carne en experimentos controlados, mejorando además la actividad biológica del suelo por la mayor presencia de lombrices de tierra en pasturas asociadas. El uso y buen manejo de forrajes mejorados no solamente incrementa la productividad animal sino que reduce los problemas de erosión de suelos y permite la liberación de áreas en las fincas no aptas para la ganadería con posible aumento del área en bosque. 2006 2014-10-02T08:33:30Z 2014-10-02T08:33:30Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/44266 es Open Access |
| spellingShingle | brachiaria hybrids cratylia arachis pintoi varieties animal husbandry seed production milk production meat production híbridos variedades ganadería producción de semilla producción lechera producción de carne Argel M., Pedro J. Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title | Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title_full | Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title_fullStr | Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title_short | Contribución de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble propósito |
| title_sort | contribucion de los forrajes mejorados a la productividad ganadera en sistemas de doble proposito |
| topic | brachiaria hybrids cratylia arachis pintoi varieties animal husbandry seed production milk production meat production híbridos variedades ganadería producción de semilla producción lechera producción de carne |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/44266 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT argelmpedroj contribuciondelosforrajesmejoradosalaproductividadganaderaensistemasdedobleproposito |