| Summary: | Currently new human diseases are emerging at the rate of one every four months.
Around 20%of human emerging diseases are caused by antimicrobial resistant pathogens
and around 75% are zoonotic. Diseases are also emerging in livestock, companion
animals, wildlife and plants.
A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize best available scientific
knowledge about zoonotic disease transmission through direct or indirect domestic
livestock-wildlife interaction, with emphasis on risk factors, drivers and trajectories
of transmission, and promising interventions for controlling important zoonoses
based on managing livestock-wildlife interaction.The study found complex associations
with agricultural intensification and disease emergence:
• Biodiversity, bush meat consumption, expanding ecotones, increases in synanthropoic
species, land use change and livestock intensification are commonly cited and
inter-related causes of emerging infectious diseases.
• Societies with intensified agriculture bear a much lower burden of human endemic
zoonotic disease and globally the burden of human endemic zoonotic disease is decreasing.
• Massive under-reporting constrains our ability to detect endemic and emerging diseases
in livestock and wildlife.
• Since the 1930s most disease emergence has been reported from countries with
intensive systems.
• In the last ten years, proportionally more emergence events are reported from developing
countries.
• Countries most at risk for disease emergence from livestock intensification were
India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh and China.
Priorities identified for better understanding and managing the risks of agricultural
intensification and disease emergence included: targeting hotspots and increasing
surveillance in these areas; identification of risk factors and disease drivers in order
to mitigate them; generating evidence on the costs of emerging disease and its
prevention.
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