Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Crop residues (CR) have become a limited resource in mixed crop-livestock farms. As a result of the increasing demand and low availability of alternative resources, CR became an essential resource for household activities, especially for livestock keeping; a major livelihood element of smallholder f...

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Main Authors: Valbuena, Diego, Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine, Erenstein, Olaf, Teufel, Nils, Duncan, Alan J., Abdoulaye, Tahirou, Swain, Braja B., Mekonnen, Kindu, Germaine, I., Gerard, Bruno G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/41615
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author Valbuena, Diego
Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine
Erenstein, Olaf
Teufel, Nils
Duncan, Alan J.
Abdoulaye, Tahirou
Swain, Braja B.
Mekonnen, Kindu
Germaine, I.
Gerard, Bruno G.
author_browse Abdoulaye, Tahirou
Duncan, Alan J.
Erenstein, Olaf
Gerard, Bruno G.
Germaine, I.
Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine
Mekonnen, Kindu
Swain, Braja B.
Teufel, Nils
Valbuena, Diego
author_facet Valbuena, Diego
Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine
Erenstein, Olaf
Teufel, Nils
Duncan, Alan J.
Abdoulaye, Tahirou
Swain, Braja B.
Mekonnen, Kindu
Germaine, I.
Gerard, Bruno G.
author_sort Valbuena, Diego
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Crop residues (CR) have become a limited resource in mixed crop-livestock farms. As a result of the increasing demand and low availability of alternative resources, CR became an essential resource for household activities, especially for livestock keeping; a major livelihood element of smallholder farmers in the developing world. Farmers’ decisions on CR use are determined by farmers’ preferences, total crop production, availability of alternative resources and demand for CR. Interaction of these determinants can result in pressures and trade-offs of CR use. Determinants, pressures and trade-offs are shaped by the specific socio-economic and agro-ecological context of these mixed farms. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the determinants of CR use and to examine some options to cope with pressures and trade-offs in 12 study sites across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Drawing on socio-economic data at household and village level, we describe how cereal intensification and livestock feed demand influence use, pressures and trade-offs of CR use across study sites, specifically cereal residue. Our results show that in low cereal production and livestock feed demand sites, despite a low demand for CR and availability of alternative biomass, pressures and trade-offs of CR use are common particularly in the dry season. In sites with moderate cereal production, and low–moderate and moderate livestock feed demand, alternative biomass resources are scarce and most residues are fed to livestock or used to cover household needs. Subsequently, pressures and potential trade-offs are stronger. In sites with low cereal production and high livestock feed demand, pressures and trade-offs depend on the availability of better feed resources. Finally, sites with high cereal production and high livestock feed demand have been able to fulfil most of the demand for CR, limiting pressures and trade-offs. These patterns show that agricultural intensification, better management of communal resources and off-farm activities are plausible development pathways to overcome pressures and trade-offs of CR use. Although technologies can largely improve these trends, research and development should revisit past initiatives so as to develop innovative approaches to tackle the well-known problem of low agricultural production in many smallholder mixed systems, creating more sustainable futures.
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spelling CGSpace416152025-12-08T10:11:39Z Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia Valbuena, Diego Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine Erenstein, Olaf Teufel, Nils Duncan, Alan J. Abdoulaye, Tahirou Swain, Braja B. Mekonnen, Kindu Germaine, I. Gerard, Bruno G. mixed farming intensification agriculture south asia Crop residues (CR) have become a limited resource in mixed crop-livestock farms. As a result of the increasing demand and low availability of alternative resources, CR became an essential resource for household activities, especially for livestock keeping; a major livelihood element of smallholder farmers in the developing world. Farmers’ decisions on CR use are determined by farmers’ preferences, total crop production, availability of alternative resources and demand for CR. Interaction of these determinants can result in pressures and trade-offs of CR use. Determinants, pressures and trade-offs are shaped by the specific socio-economic and agro-ecological context of these mixed farms. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the determinants of CR use and to examine some options to cope with pressures and trade-offs in 12 study sites across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Drawing on socio-economic data at household and village level, we describe how cereal intensification and livestock feed demand influence use, pressures and trade-offs of CR use across study sites, specifically cereal residue. Our results show that in low cereal production and livestock feed demand sites, despite a low demand for CR and availability of alternative biomass, pressures and trade-offs of CR use are common particularly in the dry season. In sites with moderate cereal production, and low–moderate and moderate livestock feed demand, alternative biomass resources are scarce and most residues are fed to livestock or used to cover household needs. Subsequently, pressures and potential trade-offs are stronger. In sites with low cereal production and high livestock feed demand, pressures and trade-offs depend on the availability of better feed resources. Finally, sites with high cereal production and high livestock feed demand have been able to fulfil most of the demand for CR, limiting pressures and trade-offs. These patterns show that agricultural intensification, better management of communal resources and off-farm activities are plausible development pathways to overcome pressures and trade-offs of CR use. Although technologies can largely improve these trends, research and development should revisit past initiatives so as to develop innovative approaches to tackle the well-known problem of low agricultural production in many smallholder mixed systems, creating more sustainable futures. 2015-03 2014-06-24T10:29:24Z 2014-06-24T10:29:24Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/41615 en Open Access Elsevier Valbuena, D., Homann-Kee Tui, S., Erenstein, O., Teufel, N., Duncan, A., Abdoulaye, T., Swain, B., Mekonnen, K., Germaine, I. and Gérard, B. 2015. Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Agricultural Systems 134:107-118.
spellingShingle mixed farming
intensification
agriculture
south asia
Valbuena, Diego
Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine
Erenstein, Olaf
Teufel, Nils
Duncan, Alan J.
Abdoulaye, Tahirou
Swain, Braja B.
Mekonnen, Kindu
Germaine, I.
Gerard, Bruno G.
Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title_full Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title_fullStr Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title_full_unstemmed Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title_short Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
title_sort identifying determinants pressures and trade offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in sub saharan africa and south asia
topic mixed farming
intensification
agriculture
south asia
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/41615
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